Category Archives: Financial Planning

Long-Term Care Insurance and Aging

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Chances are that as you age, you may need long-term care at some point … one viable option: hybrid long-term care insurance.

Unfortunately, there is a stealthy stalker that could raid a retiree’s savings and destroy their financial security.  It’s the cost and expenses of extended long-term care — the assistance many retirees will need as they age to manage the tasks of everyday life, such as bathing, dressing and personal care. For those less ambulatory, this may also include transferring to and from a bed to a chair.

Long term care is care that you need if you can no longer perform everyday tasks by yourself due to chronic illness, injury, disability, or the aging process. It isn’t care that is intended to cure you; it’s ongoing care that you might need for the rest of your life. This means you may need help with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, continence, eating, toileting, and transferring.  In general, traditional health insurance plans do not pay for the chronic, ongoing assistance with daily living that is most often associated with long term care.

The need for long term care can happen to anyone at any time. It can occur because of an extended illness such as cancer, a disabling event such as a stroke, a chronic disease such as multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer’s, or a permanently disabling automobile or sporting accident.

In many cases, however, retirees need long term care due to aging. As we live longer, into our 80s, 90s, and even beyond, health conditions that we’ve managed successfully for years may become worse. We may lose our ability to function independently on a day-to-day basis, resulting in the need for assistance.

Everyone should have a plan for long-term care. This could mean needing some extra help with everyday activities as you age. The benefits of long-term care insurance go beyond what your health insurance may cover by reimbursing you for services needed to help you maintain your lifestyle if age, injury, illness, or a cognitive impairment makes it challenging for you to take care of yourself.

According to AARP, 52% of people who turn 65 today will develop a severe disability that will require long-term care at some point in retirement.  The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that 70% of people over 65 will need long-term care at some point in their lives.

“The older you are, the more likely you’ll need long term care.”

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

A 2019 study by Georgetown University Medical Center reported: “Nursing home care is arguably the most significant financial risk faced by the elderly without long-term care insurance or Medicaid coverage.”

2019, the annual Genworth Cost of Care Survey found that the median monthly cost in the U.S. for long-term care was $7,513 for a semi-private room at a nursing home, $4,385 for a home health aide, and $4,051 for an assisted living facility.  Cost of care can be expensive and it’s important to understand the financial impact a few years of long-term care can have.

  • Nursing Home Care: The average cost of a year’s care in a private Medicare-certified long-term nursing home room is $104,000.4
  • Home Care: The average in-home care costs $49,920 a year for 40 hours of help per week.4
  • Assisted Living Care: A year in a 1-bedroom assisted living care facility averages $57,000 per year.4

long term care insurance claims paid for home care

Medicare and Medicaid

Many think that government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid will pay for all of their future long-term care needs. Surprisingly, they may only pay for some of these services and have many restrictions.

Medicare: May cover a maximum of 100 days of services after a hospital stay.2 Coverage is designed to assist people during a short-term recovery and doesn’t include personal care or supervision services.  Medicare won’t pay for what it calls “custodial care” unless you require skilled services or rehabilitative care, and even then, there are limits.

Medicaid: If you have limited assets and income and are relying on Medicaid, the state may make key care decisions on your behalf, including where you receive the care you need.  Medicaid won’t kick in unless your income is below a certain threshold and you meet minimum state eligibility requirements.

Traditional long-term care policies are becoming increasingly difficult to qualify for coverage. Premiums, which are lower if you buy in when you’re young, can increase and become unmanageable when you’re older. And, just like car, health or homeowners insurance, if you end up never needing the policy, you lose all the money you’ve paid in.

Hybrid Insurance

A hybrid insurance policy, also referred to as asset-based long-term care, combines long-term care insurance with permanent life insurance. A policy of this sort provides both living and death benefits.

You can purchase this type of policy with a single upfront premium, with a set of premiums for a fixed term or with ongoing premiums. If you need long-term care (due to age, illness, etc.), you can withdraw the funds from your life insurance policy, and when those funds run out, the insurance company will pay. If you don’t need care, or if you have some money left over after receiving care, your heirs will receive the remaining insurance benefit 100% tax-free.

Like all financial strategies, hybrid policies have pros and cons. The premiums can be higher compared to a traditional long-term care policy, and it’s important to be clear about what types of care will qualify under the policy you choose. But the underwriting process is typically less rigorous for a hybrid policy, and a couple can share one policy. This can make obtaining coverage easier and more affordable than a traditional policy.

As long as you pay your premiums, you’ll have a contractually guaranteed death benefit, guaranteed cash value and a guaranteed amount of long-term care coverage. And if, for some reason, you decide to cancel the policy, you can get most of your premiums back — once you pass a designated surrender charge period. That’s a way out that traditional long-term care insurance doesn’t offer.

Long term care insurance (LTCI) provide benefits to cover services you may need if you’re unable to care for yourself or your family, due to chronic mental or physical conditions.  Because there is no one-size-fits-all when it comes to long term care insurance, people must choose among policy options such as daily benefit amount, benefit period, and inflation protection options

One of the largest providers, the Federal Long Term Care Insurance Program (FLTCIP) is one of the largest LTCI programs and is available to all federal employees and military service members.  The Federal Long-Term Care Insurance Program is designed to reimburse for long-term care services at home or in a facility such as assisted living, adult day care or a nursing center.

Long term care insurance may be a smart way to protect your income and assets and remain financially independent should you need long term care services at home, in a nursing home or an assisted living facility, or in other settings.

References:

  1. https://www.kiplinger.com/retirement/long-term-care/long-term-care-insurance/601056/even-in-good-times-a-silent-stalker-can
  2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558719857335?journalCode=mcrd&
  3. https://longtermcare.acl.gov/the-basics/how-much-care-will-you-need.html
  4. New York Life Cost of Care Survey, 2018
  5. https://www.genworth.com/aging-and-you/finances/cost-of-care.html
  6. https://www.military.com/military-report/long-term-care-insurance.html
  7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “The Basics,” https://longtermcare.acl.gov/the-basics/
  8. https://www.brownleeglobal.com/ltc-daily-benefit-amounts/

Microsoft Stock for Long-Term Growth and Safety

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Microsoft reports fiscal fourth-quarter earnings after the close on July 22.

Investors anticipate strong results from the company’s growing portfolio of cloud businesses, including Azure, Office 365 and Teams.

Microsoft Corp.  (MSFT) is expected to report adjusted net income of $10.6 billion, or $1.38 a share, on sales of $36.4 billion.

Shares of Microsoft have hit all-time highs. The software giant recently shut down Mixer, a videogame streaming service, because it wasn’t able to grow Mixer to serve the streamers it had hired to generate content and to bring followers.

Asset Allocation Strategy

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Asset allocation is designed to help an investor take short-term fluctuations more in stride.

When you divide your money among a variety of asset classes — stocks, bonds, real estate and cash — you can potentially smooth the ups and downs of financial markets. Diversifying your investments within the major asset classes and investment styles can help balance out a portfolio.

Asset allocation enables you to own a wide selection of investment types to potentially benefit when one asset class does well and limit the downside when another asset class does not. Once you create an asset allocation strategy as part of your comprehensive financial plan, it helps to keep a long-term perspective when the inevitable financial market volatility occurs.

It’s important to note that asset allocation and diversification do not ensure a profit or protect against loss. However, it makes sense to remember your long-term financial plan and asset allocation strategy, and stick with it, no matter how great short-term economic challenges may seem.

A long-term commitment to your asset allocation strategy doesn’t mean you shouldn’t take action during periods of uncertainty. The key is taking the right action. You may discover the original percentages you allocated to different asset classes and types of investments are not in sync with your strategy due to shifts in the market.

Your portfolio may be overly concentrated or under-represented in one area. If so, you can reallocate your assets and ensure your long-term asset allocation strategy is back on track.

Of course during times of market volatility and economic uncertainty, many investors are tempted to move out of stock investments, into the safety of cash positions. Yes, cash is an asset for investors, but understand that you earn nothing with this asset class…no return from cash.

As a result, investors tend to stay on the sidelines until financial turbulence settles, but this may be a costly mistake. One thing previous recessions and bear markets have taught us is that life goes on. In each of the most recent five bear markets since 1987, sell-offs and correction were ultimately followed by economic and market recoveries.

Thus, once stock markets unexpectedly rebound, as they typically have done in the past, you may end up getting left behind during what could have been a good opportunity to benefit from market rapid recovery and gains.

We live in a world fraught with headline risk and conflict, something that will be ever-present. This fact will always be an integral part of the investment landscape. Those who exit or try to “time the market” tend to miss a significant rally. Those who remained invested or rebalanced towards equities tended to boost their returns during a market rally.

The length of time an investor is in the market can make a difference in the amount they will save and invest to potentially grow their investments. If you sell assets while the market is declining, you risk missing upward trends that have historically followed. If you want to retire someday, start saving and investing now. It takes decades of long-term financial planning, saving and investing to get there. 

Always remember…

Learning to manage money. You need to learn and understand core principles of financial planning — long-term investing, risk management, diversification, asset allocation, retirement, estate and tax planning.

Asset allocation and diversification do not ensure a profit or protect against loss in declining markets.

All investments involve risk including loss of principal. Certain investments involve greater or unique risks that should be considered along with the objectives, fees, and expenses before investing.

References:

  1. https://im.bnymellon.com/us/en/individual/articles/letter-from-the-lion/spring-2020/stick-with-a-plan-in-uncertain-financial-markets.jsp

Hindsight Bias: Don’t abandon your financial plan | Vanguard

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In times like these, it makes sense to start with a plan, stay committed, stay aware and stick with a plan.

Hindsight bias exists prominently in investing.

No matter the market conditions, there are always sensational reports from the financial entertainment media or the investing community that a market event, such as an extreme market correction or increase, was foreseen, perhaps even obvious. If you begin to believe you’ve missed opportunities or you’re at risk for losses, you might attempt to overcorrect by trying to time the markets or weighting your portfolio too heavily in one area.

Hindsight bias is unavoidable behavior, but don’t let it derail you. You’ve followed your financial plan and made good investing decisions in the past. Trust those decisions and trust the financial plan you’ve put in place.

And remember your financial plan the next time hindsight says you’re wrong.

Read more: https://investornews.vanguard/hindsight-bias-says-to-abandon-your-plan-heres-why-you-shouldnt/

Principles for Investing Success | Vanguard Investment Management Company

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Whatever financial challenge you’re facing, you can put yourself in a better financial position by setting goals, planning now and investing for the long term. The sooner you start, the sooner you’ll get on track.

Investing for the long term in order to grow your money is a marathon, not a sprint. An investment’s annual return provides perspective and growth over time.

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Goals: Create clear, appropriate investment goals. Create appropriate investment goals you can measure and attain. Defining your goals clearly and planning realistic ways to achieve them can help protect you from common mistakes that could derail your progress.

https://vgi.vg/3c9ky3b

Balance: Develop a suitable asset allocation using broadly diversified funds. Create a sound investment strategy by choosing an asset allocation in line with your financial objectives. Build your allocation based on reasonable expectations and diversify your portfolio to avoid exposure to unnecessary risks. Balance is the key:

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Costs: Minimize costs. Markets are unpredictable. Costs are forever. The lower your costs, the greater your share of an investment’s return. And research suggests lower-cost investments outperform higher-cost alternatives. You can’t control the markets, but you can control your costs and tax liability:

https://vgi.vg/2z6fQEv

Discipline: Maintain perspective and long term discipline. Investing can provoke strong emotions. During times of market uncertainty, you may find yourself tempted to make impulsive decisions or you may experience “paralysis by analysis,” unable to decide on how best to implement an effective investment strategy or when to rebalance your portfolio. Discipline and perspective can help you remain committed to a long-term investment philosophy through periods of market uncertainty.

https://vgi.vg/3c8ihFg

References:

  1. https://www.vanguard.com.au/adviser/en/article/cec-investment-philosophy/vanguards-principles-for-investing-success

50/15/5: a saving and spending rule of thumb | Fidelity Investments

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It isn’t about managing every penny. Track your money using 3 categories.

FIDELITY VIEWPOINTS – 03/03/2020

Key takeaways

  • Consider allocating no more than 50% of take-home pay to essential expenses.
  • Try to save 15% of pretax income (including employer contributions) for retirement.
  • Save for the unexpected by keeping 5% of take-home pay in short-term savings for unplanned expenses.

Budget…the 50/15/5 rule is Fidelity’s simple rule of thumb for saving and spending: Aim to allocate no more than 50% of take-home pay to essential expenses, save 15% of pretax income for retirement savings, and keep 5% of take-home pay for short-term savings. (Your situation may be different, but you can use our rule of thumb as a starting point.)

Why 50/15/5? Fidelity analyzed hundreds of scenarios in order to create a saving and spending guideline that can help people save enough to retire. Their research found that by sticking to this guideline, there is a good chance of maintaining financial stability now and keeping your current lifestyle in retirement. To see where you stand on our 50/15/5 rule, use our Savings and spending check-up.

Essential expenses: 50%

Some expenses simply aren’t optional—you need to eat and you need a place to live. Consider allocating no more than 50% of take-home pay to “must-have” expenses, such as:

  • Housing—mortgage, rent, property tax, utilities (electricity, etc.), homeowners/renters insurance, and condo/home association fees
  • Food—groceries only; do not include takeout or restaurant meals, unless you really consider them essential, i.e., you never cook and always eat out
  • Health care—health insurance premiums (unless they are made via payroll deduction) and out-of-pocket expenses (e.g., prescriptions, co-payments)
  • Transportation—car loan/lease, gas, car insurance, parking, tolls, maintenance, and commuter fares
  • Child care—day care, tuition, and fees
  • Debt payments and other obligations—credit card payments, student loan payments, child support, alimony, and life insurance

Keep it below 50%: Just because some expenses are essential doesn’t mean they’re not flexible. Small changes can add up, such as turning the heat down a few degrees in the winter (and turning your AC up a few degrees in the summer), buying—and stocking up on—groceries when they are on sale, and bringing lunch to work. Also consider driving a more affordable car, carpooling, or taking public transportation. Consider a high-deductible health plan (HDHP), with a health savings account (HSA) to reduce health care costs and get a tax break. If you need to significantly reduce your living expenses, consider a less expensive home or apartment. There are many other ways you can save. Take a look at which essential expenses are most important, and which ones you may be able to cut back on.

Retirement savings: 15%

It’s important to save for your future—no matter how young or old you are. Why? Pension plans are rare. Social Security probably won’t provide all the money a person needs to live the life they want in retirement. In fact, we estimate that about 45% of retirement income will need to come from savings. That’s why we suggest people consider saving 15% of pretax household income for retirement. That includes their contributions and any matching or profit sharing contributions from an employer. Starting early, saving consistently, and investing wisely is important, as is saving in tax-advantaged retirement savings accounts such as a 401(k)s, 403(b)s, or IRAs.

How to get to 15%: If contributing that amount right now is not possible, check to see if your employer has a program that automatically increases contributions annually until a goal is met. Another strategy is to start by contributing at least enough to meet an employer match, and then if you get a raise or annual bonus, add all or part of these funds to your workplace savings plan or individual retirement account until you have reached the annual contribution limit.

Short-term savings: 5%

Everyone can benefit from having an emergency fund. An emergency, like an illness or job loss, is bad enough, but not being prepared financially can only make things worse. A good rule of thumb is to have enough put aside in savings to cover 3 to 6 months of essential expenses. Think of emergency fund contributions as a regular bill every month, until there is enough built up.

While emergency funds are meant for more significant events, like job loss, we also suggest saving a percentage of your pay to cover smaller unplanned expenses. Who hasn’t been invited to a wedding—or several? Cracked the screen on a smartphone? Gotten a flat tire? In addition to those there are certain category of expenses which are often overlooked, for example; maintenance and repairs of cars, field trips for kids, copay for doctor’s visit, Christmas gifts, Halloween costumes to name a few. Setting aside 5% of monthly take-home pay can help with these “one-off” expenses. It’s good practice to have some money set aside for the random expenses, this way you won’t be tempted to tap into your emergency fund or tempted to pay for one of these things by adding to an existing credit card balance. Over time, these balances can be hard to pay off. However, if you pay the entire credit card balance every month, and get points or cash back for purchases, using a credit card for one-off expenses may make sense.

How to get to 5%: Having this money automatically taken out of a paycheck and deposited in a separate account just for short-term savings can help a person reach this goal.

Read more: https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/personal-finance/spending-and-saving

3 tips to avoid locking in losses | Mass Mutual

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By Allen Wastler
Allen Wastler is a former financial journalist with over 30-years of experience, including time at CNBC, CNN, and Knight-Ridder Newspapers.
Posted on Apr 13, 2020

After a huge market downturn and a major loss of value in your investment portfolio, the temptation to do something — anything — may be hard to resist.

But in many ways, the best action may be to take no action. Why? An investment plan is a long-term project and making changes to it based on short-term considerations is often ill-advised. That’s why financial professionals encourage people to stay calm during market sell-offs and think about long-term objectives.

“It is a tough and scary time, and not locking in losses by panic selling is critical,” said J. Todd Gentry, a financial professional with Synergy Wealth Solutions in Chesterfield, Missouri.

But even if you did resist the initial impulse to flee during a market retreat, you still need to keep some discipline about your portfolio as you wait for a market recovery. Here are some traps to avoid….Read more: Avoid Locking in Losses

Markets, as a whole, have historically bounced back from downturns with time, as the following chart illustrates.

Source: Bloomberg. The S&P 500 is an equity index that consists of the stocks of 500 large U.S. companies measured by market capitalization. The results here include the effect of reinvested dividends. You cannot invest directly in an index.

It’s best to be invested.

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The global financial crisis of 2008 proved no one can consistently predict how the market will perform. Thus, it is best for investors to stay invested in the markets.

“You always have to remember the markets are forward-looking, and you don’t know when they’re going to take off—just like you don’t know when they’re going to tumble. So it’s best to be invested than to try to time it, because it’s close to impossible.” Tim Buckley, CEO, Vanguard Investments

If you’re confident in your financial life plan and investment strategy, leaving your investments alone during short-term market corrections and Bear markets could help you accumulate wealth over the long-term and help ensure your retirement nest egg. 

Getting Better at Something

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To Get Better at Something, Ask Yourself These Two Questions

Anyone can get better and improve at anything, including personal finance, with the right mindset and deliberate action. That includes getting better at saving by paying yourself first, investing for the long-term and accumulating wealth.

But in order to get better, individuals need to honestly answer “yes” to two very basic questions. Those two questions are:

  1. Do you want to do or get better?
  2. Are you willing to feel the discomfort of putting in more effort and trying new things that will feel weird and different and won’t work right away? To fail?

If the answer is “no” to either question, then it would be foolish for an individual to believe they can improve and get better by doing things the way they’ve always done it or thinking the same way they’ve always thought. Additionally, it would prove a waste of time and effort for any coach to undertake a client or player to improve their skills who do not answer yes to both questions.

Essentially, getting better, especially at saving and investing, is about wanting to get better by embracing a positive mindset and is about having a willingness to experience discomfort. It is important to know that you can become better at anything if your willing to do what is necessary.

But you will not get better if 1) you don’t believe you can and 2) you aren’t willing to accept the discomfort of doing things differently and do whatever it takes to get better.

Learning anything new means moments of feeling uncomfortable. You will need to act in ways that are unfamiliar and take risks that are new. Try things that, in many cases, will be initially frustrating because they won’t work the first time.

You are guaranteed to feel awkward and possibly experience failure for the first time. You will make mistakes. You may be embarrassed or even feel shame, especially if you are accustomed to succeeding.

The key take-away is that answering these two questions yes are a prerequisite to growth and achieving financial success.

  1. https://hbrascend.org/topics/if-you-want-to-get-better-at-something-ask-yourself-these-two-questions/