GLP-1 — Glucagon-like peptide

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in blood sugar regulation. Let’s dive into some key points:

  1. Origin and Production:
    • GLP-1 is produced and secreted by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and certain neurons in the brainstem upon food consumption.
    • It derives from the posttranslational processing of the proglucagon peptide.
  2. Biologically Active Forms:
    • GLP-1 exists in two main forms: GLP-1 (7–36) amide and GLP-1 (7–37).
    • These forms enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, helping to lower blood sugar levels.
  3. Incretin Effect:
    • GLP-1 is an incretin, meaning it stimulates insulin release when blood glucose rises.
    • Unlike other incretins, GLP-1’s action remains effective in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  4. Degradation and Treatment:
    • Endogenous GLP-1 is rapidly degraded, resulting in low fasting plasma levels.
    • GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) and DPP-4 inhibitors have been developed to enhance GLP-1 activity.
    • GLP-1-based treatments are associated with weight loss and a lower risk of hypoglycemia.

GLP-1 is a player in effective diabetes management!

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