Social Security can be one of the most important parts of your retirement, and deciding when to claim is a big decision. The amount of your benefit will depend on your average income over your working years, your spouse’s average income and the age at which you claim benefits. AARP
Signed into law in 1935, the U.S. Social Security program replaces a percentage of your pre-retirement income based on your lifetime earnings. Traditionally, the retirement system in the U.S. has been a three-legged stool: Social Security, personal savings and investments, and pensions. Social Security was never intended to be the sole source of income for retirement.
Traditionally, the retirement system in the U.S. has been a three-legged stool: Social Security, savings and investments, and pensions.
The portion of your pre-retirement wages that Social Security replaces is based on your highest 35 years of earnings and varies depending on how much you earn and when you choose to start benefits.
When you work and pay Social Security taxes, you earn “credits” toward Social Security benefits. The number of credits you need to get retirement benefits is 40 credits (usually, this is 10 years of work). Social Security Administration (SSA) uses the tax money to pay benefits to:
- People who have already retired.
- People who are disabled.
- Survivors of workers who have died.
- Dependents of beneficiaries.
Social Security is funded primarily through a payroll tax. The current tax rate for Social Security is 6.2 percent for the employer and 6.2 percent for the employee — 12.4 percent total. If you’re self-employed, you have to pay the entire amount. The government collects Social Security tax on wages up to $147,000 in 2022.
SSA uses these payroll taxes to pay people who are currently receiving benefits. Any unused money goes to the Social Security trust fund that pays monthly benefits to you and your family when you start receiving retirement benefits.
The amount of the Social Security benefits you or your family receives depends on the amount of earnings shown on your record and when you decide to receive benefits.
SSA bases your benefit payment on how much you earned during your working career. Higher lifetime earnings result in higher benefits. If there were some years you didn’t work or had low earnings, your benefit amount may be lower than if you had worked steadily.
The age at which you decide to retire also affects your benefit. If you retire at age 62, the earliest possible Social Security retirement age, your benefit will be lower than if you wait.
Social Security retirement benefits were not intended to be enough to fully fund retirement – the average Social Security retirement benefit is just over $1,231.
Children’s benefits
Your dependent child may get benefits on your earnings record when you start your Social Security retirement benefits. Your child may get up to half of your full benefit.
To get benefits, your child must be unmarried and one of the following:
- Younger than age 18.
- 18-19 years old and a full-time student (no higher than grade 12).
- 18 or older and developed a qualifying disability before age 22.
Your benefits may be taxable
About 40% of people who get Social Security have to pay income taxes on their benefits, according to SSA. For example:
- If you file a federal tax return as an “individual,” and your combined income is between $25,000 and $34,000, you may have to pay taxes on up to 50% of your Social Security benefits. If your combined income is more than $34,000, up to 85% of your Social Security benefits is subject to income tax.
- If you file a joint return, you may have to pay taxes on 50% of your benefits if you and your spouse have a combined income between $32,000 and $44,000. If your combined income is more than $44,000, up to 85% of your Social Security benefits is subject to income tax.
- If you’re married and file a separate return, you’ll probably pay taxes on your benefits.
At the end of each year, SSA will send you a Social Security Benefit Statement (Form SSA-1099) showing the amount of benefits you received. This statement can be used when you complete your federal income tax return to determine if you must pay taxes on your benefits.
References:
- https://www.ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/learn.html#h1
- https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10035.pdf
- https://www.aarp.org/retirement/social-security/benefits-calculator/
Note: If you enrolled in Social Security early, you’ll automatically be enrolled in Medicare at 65. But if you haven’t signed up for Social Security, then you need to take steps to enroll in Medicare.
You have a seven-month window to sign up for Medicare — the three months before your birthday, your birthday month and three months afterwards.