Tag Archives: COVID-19

CDC Recommends Avoiding Traveling over Thanksgiving

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The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention “strongly” recommends that Americans avoid traveling to see family members and friends over Thanksgiving. With the spread of the disease exploding in the U.S. and with several dozen states shattering records for daily new confirmed cases in the past week alone, the virus appears to be exponentially spreading across the country with records for new cases per capita being set in midwestern states.

“As we’re seeing exponential growth in cases, and the opportunity to translocate disease, or infection from one part of the country to another leads to our recommendation to, to avoid travel at this time,” said Dr. Henry Walke, CDC’s Covid-19 incident manager commented.

As of Wednesday, 11/18/2029, more than 250,000 Americans have died from COVID-19, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. And, roughly 1 million new COVID-19 cases have been recorded in the U.S. in the past week.

Risk comes not just from the mode of travel, but from transportation hubs that can make physical distancing more difficult.

Holidays typically attract large gatherings, which tend to be associated with higher COVID-19 transmission levels. As a result, you want fewer people gathering than usual, and it’s even better if they’re people already in your “bubble.”

Risk factors to consider before attending a gathering include community spread of COVID-19, both where the gathering is held and attendees are coming from; exposure during travel; the location and duration of the gathering; the number of attendees and capacity for physical distancing; and attendees’ preventive behaviors before and during the gathering, according to broader CDC advice on how to navigate holiday celebrations and gatherings.

The risk level also depends on attendees’ social contacts and exposures over the preceding couple of weeks, M. Kit Delgado, an assistant professor of emergency medicine and epidemiology at the University of Pennsylvania explained. Sitting out this year’s big family gathering can help keep everyone safe — especially vulnerable family members — and avoid overburdening hospitals during flu season.

“Unfortunately, the merriment we crave — eating, drinking and singing together in a cozy room — are among the highest-risk scenarios for transmitting COVID-19,” Delgado said.

The dire COVID-19 infection numbers already had people reconsidering their Thanksgiving plans. AAA estimated that fewer Americans will travel for the holiday than last year — though this year’s number still hovers around 50 million people.

References:

  1. https://on.mktw.net/3pGIPEF
  2. https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/11/19/936715870/dont-travel-for-thanksgiving-cdc-warns

Vaccines Show Greater than Ninety Percent Efficacy

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“It’s not vaccines that save people; it’s vaccinations that will actually save people.” Edward Kelly, director of the WHO’s work on service delivery and safety

Biotechnology firm Moderna announced this week that preliminary results from large scale trials indicated that its coronavirus vaccine candidate demonstrated nearly 95 percent efficacy at preventing the illness.  This news comes on the heals of Pfizer’s announcement last week of it coronavirus vaccine candidate showed 95 percent efficacy (94 percent for adults over 65 years).

Efficacy refers to the performance of a treatment under ideal and controlled circumstances, and effectiveness is performance under real-world conditions. Clinical trials take place in a controlled environment to test if a vaccine is safe and if it works.

The efficacy rate means that COVID-19 symptoms were prevented for more than 90 percent for Pfizer’s coronavirus candidate and near 95 percent for Moderna’s candidate of participants who received the vaccine.

Pfizer plans to seek emergency use authorization for the vaccine, the company said.  This leave Pfizer’s vaccine on track to go into distribution by the end of the year if health regulators at the FDA permit.

Public health officials warn that the development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine represents the beginning of the challenge to vaccinate the world. “It’s not vaccines that save people; it’s vaccinations that will actually save people,” Edward Kelly, director of the WHO’s work on service delivery and safety, said.

A few of the significant challenges to vaccinate the world relate to vaccine supply, storage and distribution.  For example, Pfizer’s experimental vaccine requires ultracold storage conditions of about minus-70 degrees Celsius to ensure it remains effective.  While, Moderna’s vaccine can be kept at refrigerator temperatures for a month and frozen at minus-20 degrees Celsius for up to six months.

Additionally, there appears to be a steady reluctance among Americans and people across the globe to take the vaccine.  Convincing Americans that coronavirus vaccines are safe and effective will be another challenge thanks to the politicization of the vaccine development process by both sides of the aisle.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will ultimately decide whether to authorize vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna and other candidates currently in large scale trials based on safety and effectiveness results that have been carefully reviewed by both government and independent health experts.

Health care workers should be given the highest priority to receive the vaccine and given to workers in essential industries, people with certain medical conditions, and people age 65 and older.

Bottom line, no vaccine is 100% effective, and whatever protection vaccines may provide, people should continue to wear masks, maintain social distancing, wash hands frequently, not touch their face and avoid crowded indoor gatherings until public health officials determine and the infection numbers demonstrate that the virus is under control.

References:

  1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/11/16/who-vaccine-moderna-pfizer/
  2. https://www.wsj.com/articles/pfizers-covid-19-vaccine-95-effective-in-final-results-company-to-seek-approval-within-days-11605699996
  3. https://time.com/5907908/biden-administration-covid-19/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_term=health_covid-19&linkId=104044772

Measuring Oxygen Levels at Home

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With a pulse oximeter, you can monitor your oxygen levels and have a better measure for whether you need to contact your healthcare provider.

Some COVID-19 patients have dangerously low levels of oxygen, which is being called “silent hypoxia.”

When your body doesn’t have enough oxygen, you could get hypoxemia (low oxygen in your blood) which may lead to hypoxia (low oxygen in your tissues) when your blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen to your tissues to meet your body’s needs. These are dangerous conditions. Without oxygen, your brain, liver, and other organs can be damaged just minutes after symptoms start.

Many doctors are recommending that individuals testing positive for COVID-19 monitor their oxygen levels at home with a pulse oximeter. Pulse oximeters are devices you place on your fingertip to measure the amount of oxygen in your blood. These devices use small beams of light that pass through your finger to measure how much oxygen your blood is carrying and your pulse.

Normal oxygen level

A normal oxygen level measured by a pulse oximeter is around 97%. Medical experts start to worry oxygen level drops under 90% because this can affect the amount of oxygen going to your brain and other vital organs. Levels below 80% are considered dangerous and increase the risk of organ damage.

Usually, people with low oxygen levels appear uncomfortable, sometimes even to the point of appearing to be gasping for air. Although, doctors do not clearly understand why some COVID-19 patients have such low levels of oxygen without appearing uncomfortable.

Doctors are divided on whether home monitoring of oxygen levels with a pulse oximeter. In an opinion piece for The New York Times, one ER doctor recommended home oxygen monitoring for patients with COVID-19 because they “believed that information about oxygen levels may help some people seek care earlier if their oxygen level begins to drop”.

Benefits of using a pulse oximeter

Checking oxygen levels at home is beneficial for those diagnosed with COVID-19 or with symptoms that are highly suggestive of infection.

Monitoring your oxygen levels can provide reassurance. If you notice your oxygen levels dropping, you can reach out for medical help.

“The key to taking care of yourself at home with COVID-19 is to carefully monitor your symptoms, especially coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and fever, and to inform your healthcare provider about any worsening symptoms. “Paying attention to how you’re feeling is your best guide,” Michael S. Lipnick, M.D., assistant professor of anesthesia and critical care at the University of California, San Francisco, says.

COVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness. Most cases of COVID-19 are relatively mild and can be treated at home. Its symptoms are fever, dry cough, and, sometimes, shortness of breath. These range from mild to severe, and the most serious cases can be fatal, particularly in people who are older or have underlying medical conditions.

References:

  1. https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/hypoxia-hypoxemia#2
  2. https://blogs.webmd.com/webmd-doctors/20200428/what-is-a-pulse-oximeter-and-can-it-help-against-covid19
  3. https://www.consumerreports.org/medical-symptoms/covid-19-pulse-oximeters-oxygen-levels-faq/

U.S. in a “Bad Position”

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White House coronavirus advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said that the United States is in a “bad position” as coronavirus cases and hospitalizations surge in many parts of the nation. “When you look at the country and the heat map color, when you see red dots, which indicate that that part of the county, the city … is having an uptick in cases … all of that puts us in a precarious situation.”

References:

  1. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/28/coronavirus-dr-fauci-says-us-is-in-a-bad-position-as-daily-cases-hit-record-highs.html?__source=iosappshare%7Ccom.microsoft.msedge.EMMXShareExtension

COVID-19 is Spreading in U.S. with Pandemic Fatigue, Cooler Weather, Eased Restrictions

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Coronavirus cases are surging again across the U.S.

New coronavirus cases and hospitalizations continue to increase in the U.S., which could be an indication of a ‘fall surge’ of respiratory virus infections predicted by public-health officials.

For multiple times since October began, newly reported cases nationally ticked above 50,000, fueled by infectious outbreaks in several regions of the country.

The seven-day moving average of new U.S. infections, which smooths out day-to-day fluctuations, was above 50K, the highest since mid-August. The 14-day average stood at 47K. When the seven-day average is higher than the 14-day average, as it has been since early October , it suggests cases are rising.

While circumstances differ locally, many regions across the U.S. have a seven-day average of new cases greater than their 14-day average, according to a Wall Street Journal analysis of Johns Hopkins figures.

Hospitalizations also have increased across the U.S. in recent weeks, though deaths haven’t surged at a similar pace. Deaths often lag behind new cases and hospitalizations, given the duration of the disease. The seven-day average of daily deaths attributed to Covid-19 has been hovering around 700 for about three weeks, down from around 1,000 two months ago.

Thanks to improved detection, most people infected in the summer had mild or no symptoms. But as cases soar, hospitalizations and deaths are also expected to rise.

U.S. has more fatalities than any other country in the world

The U.S. has more fatalities than any other country in the world—more than 217,600 since the pandemic began. But it doesn’t have the highest percentage of cases that are fatal. About 2.7% of reported cases in the U.S. have been fatal, according to data from Johns Hopkins. That figure has declined in recent months as treatments have improved and testing has expanded, allowing more mild and asymptomatic cases to be detected.

“I long for the day when each and every day we see fewer cases than the day before,” said David Aronoff, director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tenn. “But if you were to ask me when that day would be, I don’t honestly know.”

Daily case-count tallies are likely to increase or remain at high levels without concerted use of such strategies as enhanced testing, widespread mask-wearing and clear, consistent messaging, epidemiologists and public-health researchers said.

Since summer, younger people make up a growing share of new U.S. infections.

Despite the rising numbers of infections, many have grown tired of restrictions on their social life and say they would rather risk catching the virus than stop seeing family and friends.

Additionally, mixed and inconsistent messaging from federal and local officials over preventive measures has sowed confusion and complacency. Some local governments have eased restrictions on businesses and requirements to wear masks. Meanwhile, college students returned to campuses, leading to some spreading of the virus, and the onset of cooler weather has led many Americans indoors, where the virus is more transmittable, public-health researchers said.

References:

  1. https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-covid-19-is-spreading-again-fatigue-colder-weather-eased-restrictions-11602759601
  2. https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19s-global-divide-as-west-reels-asia-keeps-virus-at-bay-11603186202

Cyber Attacks Becoming Faster and More Sophisticated

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“One thing is clear…with cyber attacks becoming faster and more sophisticated, education about prevention is necessary for everyone.”

More and more Americans are using cyber technologies and spending more time online during COVID-19 than ever before. Our growing dependence on technology, coupled with the increasing threat of cyber attacks, demands greater security in our online world.

Consequently, the FBI has seen a significant spike in cyber crimes reported to its Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, as hackers take advantage of Americans’ daily activities moving increasingly online. IC3 has been receiving between 3,000 and 4,000 cybersecurity complaints each day, a major jump from prior to the COVID-19 pandemic when about 1,000 complaints were received daily.

Additionally, Microsoft reports that COVID-19 themed attacks, where cybercriminals get access to a system through the use of phishing or social engineering attacks, have jumped to 20,000 to 30,00 a day in the U.S. alone. And, researchers for the cyber group Barracuda Networks found a 667 percent increase in phishing emails using the coronavirus to trick individuals into clicking links or downloading attachments that included computer viruses, such as ransomware that lock up computers and demands a ransom to unencrypt them, according to The Hill.

Both the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) have put out alerts warning Americans to watch out for these phishing emails while working from home.

To protect yourself and your money from cyber threats, it is important to understand how hackers think and act. Today’s hackers are using “social engineering” to take information they glean from social media and publicly available information, such as speaking engagements and media profiles. Armed with that data, they target people using personal details that make them feel comfortable sharing pertinent information.

Hackers can spoof phone numbers or email addresses to look like they’re coming from a legitimate financial or mobile service provider. They ask questions or send links that mine for personal data, such as credit card numbers and identifying information.

“Defend Today, Secure Tomorrow”—Protect Yourself from Cyberattacks

It’s imperative to understand the nature of cybercrime and to get educated about avoiding it. While nothing is foolproof, there are tangible steps you can take to ensure you are not an easy target for hackers.

Five Ways to Keep Your Information and Systems Secure:

  1. Use two-factor authentication everywhere you can. Yes, it can make logging in more time-consuming, but it’s much more difficult for a hacker to breach your password and access your PC or phone.
  2. Make your passwords more complicated and use different ones for different sites or a password vault. Use phrases that are longer, rather than generic word and number combinations that fall into a pattern (e.g., Fall2019, Winter2019). A phrase such as ILoveBuckeyes! is more difficult to hack. If remembering multiple passwords is an issue, try a recommended password vault provider, an online service designed to help keep your password information secure and consolidated into one location, such as 1Password, KeePass, LastPass, or Dashlane.
  3. Make sure you keep your computer software up to date. Security updates are designed to fix known attacks or vulnerabilities that software developers are monitoring and addressing.
  4. Be careful of how much information you share on social media. Social engineers can track your spending habits, location, busy times on your schedule, travel plans, and more and strike when you’re preoccupied, attending functions, at work, or traveling. That catchy Facebook quiz? Watch out if it asks for too much personal data like your birthdate or address.
  5. Do not give out personal information without verification. Hackers can impersonate financial services providers. If you receive an email or phone call that looks official, do not respond directly. Use the phone number on your financial services provider’s statements to call and confirm whether the call/email was genuine. Never give out your Social Security number or credit card information to an unverified person on the phone, and avoid clicking on any links in emails you receive.
STOP. THINK. CONNECT. ™
The STOP.THINK.CONNECT.™ Campaign is a national public awareness campaign aimed at increasing the understanding of cyber threats and empowering the American public to be safer and more secure online. Cybersecurity is a shared responsibility. We each have to do our part to keep the Internet safe. When we all take simple steps to be safer online, it makes using the Internet a more secure experience for everyone.

References:

  1. https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/490232-cyber-threats-spike-during-coronavirus-pandemic
  2. https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/16/exploiting-a-crisis-how-cybercrimincybersecurity-in-the-hacking-age.jspals-behaved-during-the-outbreak/
  3. https://www.key.com/businesses-institutions/business-expertise/articles/
  4. https://www.cisa.gov/cybersummit2020
  5. https://www.stopthinkconnect.org

Regeneron’s REGN-COV2 Antibody Cocktail

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Regeneron Pharmaceuticals REGN-COV2 Antibody Cocktail Reduced Viral Levels and Improved Symptoms in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Regeneron’s neutralizing antibody cocktail is still being studied in clinical trials as a treatment for non-hospitalized patients with milder and more moderate forms of the disease.

A vaccine can protect but cannot treat an already infected person. In contrast, laboratory-made antibodies (Y-shaped proteins that can help fight a foreign substance) can do both – protect and treat.

Regeneron is developing monoclonal antibodies for prevention and therapy of COVID-19. According to information on the company’s website, these antibodies would be injected into an infected individual; the antibodies would recognize and inactivate the coronavirus. Such a therapy would bridge the lag until the patient’s immune system was able to produce enough of its own antibodies; some patients with weak immune system may never produce antibodies to fight the virus.

“Regeneron’s antibody cocktail REGN-COV2 has shown efficacy by reducing viral load and associated symptoms in infected COVID-19 patients,” said George D. Yancopoulos, M.D., Ph.D., President and Chief Scientific Officer of Regeneron.”

The greatest treatment benefit was in “patients who had not mounted their own effective immune response”, suggesting that REGN-COV2 could provide a therapeutic substitute for the naturally-occurring immune response.

Regeneron confirmed it provided a single, 8-gram dose of its REGN-COV2 treatment for use by the president, who was diagnosis with coronavirus.

Regeneron’s antibody cocktail is experimental and has not received emergency use approval from the FDA, but it was provided in response to a compassionate use request.

CNBC reported that a “limited number of patients” had also received the drug on that basis after speaking with Regeneron’s chief scientific officer, Dr. George Yancopoulos.

Last week, Regeneron said its REGN-COV2 treatment improved symptoms and reduced viral loads in non-hospitalized patients who have mild to moderate Covid-19. That was based on results for the first 275 trial patients. At the time, the company indicated it plans to “rapidly” discuss the early results with regulatory agencies, including the FDA.

Monoclonal antibodies are viewed by experts have viewed as a promising potential Covid-19 treatment.

Regeneron’s REGN-COV2 is an experimental shot of lab-generated antibodies that mimics how the body would mount a reaction to a foreign invader. The goal is to boost the immune system’s defenses, rather than to wait on human biology to do its job.

References:

  1. https://www.finanzen.net/nachricht/aktien/regeneron-s-regn-cov2-antibody-cocktail-reduced-viral-levels-and-improved-symptoms-in-non-hospitalized-covid-19-patients-9344010
  2. https://patch.com/us/across-america/human-antibody-has-potential-work-prevention-therapy-coronavirus
  3. https://www.finanzen.net/nachricht/aktien/regeneron-s-regn-cov2-antibody-cocktail-reduced-viral-levels-and-improved-symptoms-in-non-hospitalized-covid-19-patients-9344010
  4. https://www.regeneron.com/antibodies

Vitamin D might make sense

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Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, recommends getting enough sleep, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding or alleviating stress as the three most potent ways to keep your immune system strong. 

He states that “it is much more healthy living than giving yourself supplements of anything”.

Recently, when responding to a question, Dr. Fauci told the actress Jennifer Garner that he takes two supplements: vitamin D and vitamin C.

Fauci states consistently that the best ways to control the pandemic are: good hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and social distancing.

Vitamin D might make sense.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in a few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced when ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. It comes in two main forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). Both forms are well absorbed in the small intestine.

Yet, regarding vitamin D, “there is good evidence that if you have a low vitamin D level, you have more of a propensity to get infected”, Dr. Fauci commented.

Several scientific studies have concluded that being deficient in vitamin D can put you at greater risk of infection, and it appears anecdotally that finding has held true again during the coronavirus pandemic.

“There is good evidence that if you have a low vitamin D level, that you have more of a propensity to get infected when there are infections around,” Fauci said. “Those data are pretty good data.”

In addition to reducing inflammation in the body, vitamin D also helps our bodies absorb calcium, keeping bones healthy and strong, so it’s good for people of all ages and races to make sure they’re getting enough.

Sources of Vitamin D

Few foods naturally contain vitamin D. The flesh of fatty fish (such as trout, salmon, tuna, and mackerel) and fish liver oils are among the best sources.

References:

  1. https://www.msn.com/en-us/Health/wellness/forget-vitamins-fauci-says-the-3-best-things-to-keep-your-immune-system-working-optimally-cost-nothing/ar-BB199xsP?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=overlayclose
  2. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/

COVID-19 vs Seasonal Allergy

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For allergy sufferers, hay fever season is upon us and the treaded ragweed pollen has arrived with a vengeance causing eyes to itch, noses to run, and serious sinus congestion and sinus headaches.

During the fall allergy season, it may be hard for sufferers to tell the difference between COVID-19 and allergies. Allergy symptoms happen partly because of inflammation within a sufferer’s body, according to the CDC.

The allergy symptoms are caused by your body overreacting to things like pollen or mold. Common signs of allergies include:

  • Runny nose and sneezing
  • Dry, tickly cough
  • Itchy or watery eyes
  • Sinus Congestion

And, COVID-19 and seasonal allergies share many symptoms, but there are some key differences between the two. For example, COVID-19 can cause fever, which is not a common symptom of seasonal allergies. Additionally, the new coronavirus doesn’t cause sneezing. But if you do sneeze, it’s important to cover your nose and mouth with a tissue to keep the virus from spreading. Wash your hands right away.

Furthermore, if you get allergies every year, watch for symptoms that are different from what you’ve had before.

Learn more about the differences in COVID-19 and seasonal allergies, and ways to protect your health: https://bit.ly/3j8vLUL.

References:

  1. https://www.webmd.com/lung/covid-allergies#2

Experimental Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Lowers COVID-19 Hospitalizations

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Eli Lilly reports a reduced rate of hospitalization for coronavirus patients using its neutralizing antibody treatment

Eli Lilly said its experimental monoclonal antibody treatment (LY-CoV555) has helped patients rid their systems of the coronavirus sooner, potentially preventing them from hospitalization. The monoclonal antibody was identified from a blood sample taken from one of the first U.S. patients who recovered from Covid-19.

Eli Lilly said it tested three different doses of LY-CoV555 against a placebo in a trial enrolling roughly 450 patients. The middle dose of 2,800 mg met the trial’s target of significantly reducing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 after 11 days.

“The results reinforce our conviction that neutralizing antibodies can help in the fight against COVID-19.” Dr. Daniel Skovronsky, Lilly’s chief scientific officer and president of Lilly Research Laboratories.

Most study hospitalizations occurred in patients with underlying risk factors (age or BMI), suggesting a more pronounced treatment effect for patients in these higher-risk groups. Ongoing studies will seek to confirm this finding. Across all treatment groups (including placebo), no patients progressed to mechanical ventilation or died. Exploratory analyses indicated a more rapid improvement in symptoms for patients treated with LY-CoV555 versus placebo, supporting the hospitalization effect.

“These interim data from the BLAZE-1 trial suggest that LY-CoV555, an antibody specifically directed against SARS-CoV-2, has a direct antiviral effect and may reduce COVID-related hospitalizations,” said  Dr. Daniel Skovronsky, Lilly’s chief scientific officer and president of Lilly Research Laboratories. “The results reinforce our conviction that neutralizing antibodies can help in the fight against COVID-19,” Skovronsky said in a statement.

References:

  1. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/16/coronavirus-eli-lilly-reports-a-reduced-rate-of-hospitalization-for-patients-using-its-antibody-treatment.html?__source=iosappshare%7Ccom.apple.UIKit.activity.Message
  2. https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-announces-proof-concept-data-neutralizing-antibody-ly