Tag Archives: Retirement

Strategies to Reduce Taxes

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Taxes are one thing retirees tend to have a little control over, as long as they do deliberate tax planning.

Accumulating sufficient assets for retirement is a critical part of retirement income planning, according to Bill Thomas, Financial Adviser, Thomas Financial Services. However, it’s just as important to preserve what you’ve saved over the 25 or 30 years that you may live in retirement. That’s where deliberate tax planning comes in.

It is likely that taxes will increase during your retirement, potentially reducing your income and cash flow. Instead of fretting over increasing taxes, now is the time to figure out how to create a tax-efficient retirement where you can maximize deductions and credits while minimizing taxes.

Getting into the 0% tax bracket may be possible and easier than you think. All it takes is a smart tax strategy that allows combining tax credits and deductions, accumulating more long-term capital gains, or benefiting from qualified dividends.

You can legally decrease or completely eliminate your tax bill by taking advantage of some of the perks in the tax code.

Qualified dividends follow three rules:

  1. The dividend must have been paid by a U.S. corporation or a qualifying foreign company. The dividends must be deemed as qualified in the eyes of the IRS and cannot be listed as a non- qualified dividend.
  2. You’ve held the stock paying the dividend for more than 60 days during the 121-day period that begins 60 days before the ex-dividend date.
  3. Use the long-term capital gains rates shown above to see the taxable income and filing status for the 0% tax brackets.

Being an investor requires a strategy to reduce your taxes. For many, it’s tempting to buy stocks and sell them as soon as the price shoots up. But if you hold on to your investments for an over a year — you’ll be eligible for long-term capital gains tax rates.

Simply put, it pays to be patient in the stock market. If you sell a stock that you’ve owned for a year or less, you’ll have to pay a short-term capital gains tax, which can be as high as 37%. Once you’ve held an investment over the one-year mark, you’ve hit the long-term capital gains threshold.

Getting into the 0% tax bracket may be easier than you think. All it takes is a smart strategy that allows you to combine tax credits and deductions, accumulate more long-term capital gains, or benefit from qualified dividends.

Make tax-smart investing part of your tax planning

The potential impact of tax-smart investing techniques over time. As the accompanying graphic shows, employing tax-smart investing techniques over time may have a significant impact on your long-term returns. The longer you apply these techniques, the greater the potential impact.

Each line represents a client’s hypothetical value from tax-smart investing techniques at various starting dates, based on a starting portfolio value of $1 million.

Though taxes might not be the first thing you think of when it comes to how you want to spend money in retirement, planning strategically can mean more income and cash flow for the things you love.

References:

  1. https://www.kiplinger.com/retirement/retirement-planning/602880/4-strategies-to-reduce-taxes-in-retirement
  2. https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/retirement/these-strategies-can-reduce-the-taxes-you-will-pay-on-retirement-accounts/ar-AAKcd4U
  3. https://www.fidelity.com/wealth-management/tax-smart-investing-planning

Roth IRA Conversion

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A Roth individual retirement account (IRA) is off-limits for people with high annual incomes.

If your earnings put Roth IRA contributions out of reach, a backdoor Roth IRA conversion is an option that lets you enjoy the tax benefits of a Roth IRA. A backdoor Roth IRA is a strategy that helps you save retirement funds in a Roth IRA even though your annual income would otherwise disqualify you from accessing this type of individual retirement account.

Backdoor Roth IRA conversions are mainly useful for high earners whose annual income (plus access to workplace retirement plans) already make them ineligible for tax deductions for traditional IRA contributions.

Who Benefits from a Backdoor Roth?

  • High earners who don’t qualify to contribute under current Roth IRA rules.
  • Those who can afford the taxes for a Roth conversion and want to take advantage of future tax-free growth.
  • Investors who hope to avoid required minimum distributions (RMDs) when they reach age 72.

A general rule of thumb with Roth IRA conversions is that you will owe taxes on any money that has never been taxed before.

Roth IRA Conversion makes little Tax difference f

A Roth conversion will not make a significant difference to your retirement standard of living, according to an exhaustive new study.

The study findings reveal that “…only if you’re in the top 1% of retirement savers will a Roth conversion move the needle more than a little bit in your retirement.” The study, “When and for Whom Are Roth Conversions Most Beneficial?,” was conducted by Edward McQuarrie, a professor emeritus at the Leavey School of Business at Santa Clara University.

Unlike many previous analyses of Roth conversions, McQuarrie adjusted all his calculations by inflation and the time value of money, likely changes in tax rates, and a myriad other obvious and not-so-obvious factors.

McQuarrie finds that only if you have millions in your IRA or 401(k)—at least $2 million for an individual and $4 million for a couple—will your required minimum distributions in retirement be so large as to put you into even the middle tax brackets.

Only for those select few will the potential tax savings of a Roth conversion be significant. For most of the rest of us, we’ll likely be in lower tax brackets in retirement years, with an effective rate of 12% or less. That almost certainly will be lower than the tax we would pay for a Roth conversion during our peak earning years prior to retirement.

Even if tax rates themselves go up, furthermore, it’s still likely that your tax rate in retirement will be lower than preretirement. That’s because you’ll likely be at your peak earning years prior to retirement, when you might be undertaking a Roth conversion, and therefore in a relatively high tax bracket.

Once you stop working and retire, and are living on Social Security and the withdrawals from your retirement portfolio, your tax rate will most likely be lower—even if the statutory tax rates themselves have been increased in the interim.

Backdoor Roth IRA conversions lets you circumvent the prescribed AGI limits if your annual earnings put direct Roth IRA contributions out of reach.

References:

  1. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/retirement/backdoor-roth-ira/
  2. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/to-roth-or-not-to-roth-11623431970
  3. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3860359

Tax Planning

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“It may feel good at tax time to get a refund, but remember that the money you’re getting back is money you loaned the government at no interest.”

Benjamin Franklin famously said, “nothing is certain but death and taxes.” Skip filing your taxes, and the tax agents will come calling. And when they do, you’ll likely face penalties and interest — and even lose your chance to receive a tax refund.

Unless your income is below a certain level, you will have to file federal income tax returns and pay taxes each year. Therefore, it’s important to understand your obligations and the way in which taxes are calculated.

Every year, everyone who makes money in the U.S. must fill out a prior calendar year tax return and file it with the IRS by April 15th. The process inspires dread among anyone who performs this task without the help of an accountant. The forms are complicated, and the definitions of terms like “dependent” and “exemption” can be difficult to understand.

Tax Basics and Taxable Income

There are two types of income subject to taxation: earned income and unearned income. Earned income includes:

  • Salary
  • Wages
  • Tips
  • Commissions
  • Bonuses
  • Unemployment benefits
  • Sick pay
  • Some noncash fringe benefits

Taxable unearned income includes:

  • Interest
  • Dividends
  • Profit from the sale of assets
  • Business and farm income
  • Rents
  • Royalties
  • Gambling winnings
  • Alimony

It is possible to reduce taxable income by contributing to a retirement account like a 401(k) or an IRA.

A person can exclude some income from taxation by using a standard deduction amount determined by the government and a person’s filing status or by itemizing certain types of expenses. Allowable itemized expenses include mortgage interest, state and local taxes, charitable contributions, and medical expenses.

Anyone can make an honest mistake with regard to taxes, but the IRS can be quite strict. And since everyone’s tax situation is a little different, you may have questions.

Allowed Deductions – Deductions and Tax Exemptions

The IRS offers Americans a variety of tax credits and deductions that can legally reduce how much you’ll owe. All Americans should know what deductions and credits they’re eligible for — not knowing is like leaving money on the table.

Most people take the standard deduction available to them when filing taxes to avoid providing proof of all of the purchases they’ve made throughout the year. Besides, itemized deductions often don’t add up to more than the standard deduction.

But if you’ve made substantial payments for mortgage interest, property taxes, medical expenses, local and state taxes or have made major charitable contributions, it could be worth it to take this step. These tax deductions are subtracted from your adjusted gross income, which reduces your taxable income.

The government allows the deduction of some types of expenses from a person’s adjusted gross income, or gross income minus adjustments. A person can exclude some income from taxation by using a standard deduction amount determined by the government and a person’s filing status or by itemizing certain types of expenses. Allowable itemized expenses include mortgage interest, a capped amount of state and local taxes, charitable contributions, and medical expenses.

Depending on who you are and what you do, you may be eligible for any number of tax deductions and exemptions to reduce your taxable income. At the end of the day, these could have a significant impact on your tax exposure. Starting with the standard deduction, the links below will help you determine how to shrink your income — for tax purposes, of course.

Common Tax Credits

Tax credits are also another way to reduce your tax exposure and possibly obtain a tax refund when the dust settles. Many people don’t realize that a tax credit is the equivalent of free money. Tax deductions reduce the amount of taxable income you can claim, and tax credits reduce the tax you owe and, in many cases, result in a nice refund.

The IRS offers a large number of tax credits that encompass everything from buying energy-efficient products for your home to health insurance premium payments to being in a low- to moderate-income household. The key to benefiting from these credits is examining all of the purchases you’ve made throughout the year to see if you are owed money.

There are 17 tax credits for individuals you can take advantage of in five categories:

  • Education credits
  • Family tax credits
  • Healthcare credits
  • Homeownership and real estate credits
  • Income and savings credits

Taxes: What to Pay and When

Most Americans don’t look forward to tax season. But the refund that a majority of taxpayers get can make the tedious process of tax filing worth the effort.

When you’re an employee, it’s your employer’s responsibility to withhold federal, state, and any local income taxes and send that withholding to the IRS, state, and locality. Those payments to the IRS are your prepayments on your expected tax liability when you file your tax return. Your Form W-2 has the withholding information for the year.

The U.S. has a pay-as-you-go taxation system. Just as income tax is withheld from employees every pay period and sent to the IRS, the estimated tax paid quarterly helps the government maintain a reliable schedule of income. It also protects you from having to cough up all the dough at once.

When you file, if you prepaid more than you owe, you get some back. If you prepaid too little, you have to make up the difference and pay more. And, if you’re like most wage earners, you get a nice refund at tax time.

But if you are self-employed, or if you have income other than your salary, you may need to pay estimated taxes each quarter to square your tax bill with Uncle Sam. You may owe estimated taxes if you receive income that isn’t subject to withholding, such as:

  • Interest income
  • Dividends
  • Gains from sales of stock or other assets
  • Earnings from a business
  • Alimony that is taxable

So, it’s important to remember that taxes are a pay-as-you-go. This means that you need to pay most of your tax during the year, as you receive income, rather than paying at the end of the year.

There are two ways to pay tax:

  • Withholding from your pay, your pension or certain government payments, such as Social Security.
  • Making quarterly estimated tax payments during the year.

This will help you avoid a surprise tax bill when you file your return. If you want to avoid a large tax bill, you may need to change your withholding. Changes in your life, such as marriage, divorce, working a second job, running a side business or receiving any other income without withholding can affect the amount of tax you owe.

And if you work as an employee, you don’t have to make estimated tax payments if you have more tax withheld from your paycheck. This may be an option if you also have a side job or a part-time business.

It may feel good at tax time to get a refund, but remember that the money you’re getting back is money you loaned the government at no interest.

References:

  1. https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/taxes/tax-planning
  2. https://www.findlaw.com/tax/federal-taxes/filing-taxes.html
  3. https://www.findlaw.com/tax/federal-taxes/tax-basics-a-beginners-guide-to-taxes.html
  4. https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/small-business-taxes/estimated-taxes-how-to-determine-what-to-pay-and-when/L3OPIbJNw
  5. https://www.moneycrashers.com/paying-estimated-tax-payments-online-irs
  6. https://www.irs.gov/payments/pay-as-you-go-so-you-wont-owe-a-guide-to-withholding-estimated-taxes-and-ways-to-avoid-the-estimated-tax-penalty

Investing Goals

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“The goal of investing is to maximize your returns and to put your money to work for you.” 

Emergency funds
Being prepared for life’s surprises can take a burden off your mind—and someday, your wallet. An emergency fund is a stash of money set aside to cover the financial surprises life throws your way. These unexpected events can be stressful and costly.

Here are some of the top emergencies people face:

  • Job loss.
  • Medical or dental emergency.
  • Unexpected home repairs.
  • Car troubles.
  • Unplanned travel expenses.

3 benefits of having emergency money

Aside from financial stability, there are pros to having an emergency reserve of cash.

— It helps keep your stress level down.

It’s no surprise that when life presents an emergency, it threatens your financial well-being and causes stress. If you’re living without a safety net, you’re living on the “financial” edge—hoping to get by without running into a crisis.

Being prepared with an emergency fund gives you confidence that you can tackle any of life’s unexpected events without adding money worries to your list.

— It keeps you from spending on a whim.

You’ve heard the saying “out of sight, out of mind.” That’s the best way to store your emergency money. If the cash is only as far away as your closest debit card, you may be tempted to use it for something frivolous like a designer cocktail dress or big-screen TV—not exactly an emergency.

Keeping the money out of your immediate reach means you can’t spend it on a whim, no matter how much you’d like to.

And by putting it in a separate account, you’ll know exactly how much you have—and how much you may still need to save.

— It keeps you from making bad financial decisions.

There may be other ways you can quickly access cash, like borrowing, but at what cost? Interest, fees, and penalties are just some of the drawbacks

Retirement

Saving for retirement might be the most important thing you ever do with your money. And the earlier you begin, the less money it will take.

When it comes to preparing for retirement, there are a lot of things you can’t control—the future of Social Security, tax rates, and inflation, for example. But one big thing that you can control is the amount you save.

Social Security shouldn’t be your only retirement plan since Social Security was never meant to be anyone’s sole source of retirement income.

In fact, a 30-year-old making $50,000 per year today—and who might realistically expect to make substantially more by the time he or she retires—can expect less than $22,000 per year from Social Security at age 67 (in today’s dollars).

In the past, pensions often offered an additional source of income for retirees. But pension plans are becoming rare in today’s world, and it’s more important than ever to take advantage of the opportunity to save for your future.

Keep in mind that on average, Social Security payments make up only about 33% of Americans’ retirement income, according to Social Security Administration.

Spending now could mean you’ll pay for it later

Perhaps you’d rather spend your money on other things that are more fun than saving for retirement.

But because compounding can enhance the value of your savings, the “pain” of each dollar you save now can be greatly outweighed by the flexibility you gain later.

Of course, we’re not suggesting you’d be better off squeezing the last drop of enjoyment from your life.

But we think that knowing you’ll be all set to meet your basic needs later—with enough left over to let you comfortably do the things you look forward to in retirement—is worth going without a few treats now and then.

Choosing to spend less on certain expenses now could make a huge impact in the long run! For example, you could spend $3,600 a year on payments for a new car during the next 5 years … or you could watch that money grow to $80,000 over the next 40 years!*

Control what you can

In the end, the future of Social Security isn’t the only thing that’s out of your hands. Tax rates will almost certainly change between now and your retirement date, and inflation will continue to increase prices over time. Other government programs, like Medicare, might also change.

But there’s one thing that only you can completely control: how much you save. Start now and you might be surprised at how little you notice the sacrifice.

  1. https://investor.vanguard.com/emergency-fund/
  2. https://investor.vanguard.com/retirement/savings/why-save

Retiree Emotional Well-being

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Retirement presents some unique emotional challenges.

There are significant emotional challenges of retirement. Knowing how to deal with retirement emotionally can be just as important as, or more important than, financial preparation.

Most people spend the majority of their lives working to cultivate a career and raise a family. It’s human nature to take solace in the daily routine that you developed, but when you reach retirement you may find that it takes some time to get used to your new life after leaving the workforce and/ or becoming an empty nester.

https://twitter.com/kathrynpeyton/status/1215464171912884224

If you’re having a hard time adjusting to retirement, you’re not alone. A survey of 1,000 people ages 60 to 73 shows that about two-thirds of Baby Boomer participants said they had difficulties in transitioning from their primary profession to retirement. The survey also identified the top reasons that participants had trouble adapting to life in retirement:

  • 37% said that they missed the daily social interactions they would have with work colleagues.
  • 32% had trouble adjusting to a new daily routine.
  • 22% found it difficult to find ways to create meaning and purpose in their life after work.

The good news is that eventually more than half of the participants found that they adjusted to these changes rather quickly, and 97% reported being “somewhat” or “rather” satisfied in their retirement.

The key to adjusting to these life changes and living a fulfilling life after work is emotionally preparing for the transition years and decades prior to reaching retirement age.

Deal with Retirement Emotionally

Though retirement is often seen as a time to slow down, this doesn’t mean that you can’t continue to remain active or find meaning outside of your professional life. And, there are ways to cope with the emotional challenges of retirement:

  1. Find activities you enjoy outside of work. – Retirement is the time for you to do the things that you enjoy most. Volunteer your time at your favorite local organization or take up a new hobby. Staying active is a great way to find meaning in life after work.
  2. Begin to expand your relationship base. – Chances are, many of your friendships were formed in the workplace. Though it’s great to keep in touch with former colleagues, try to develop new friendships. Friends are the key to staying connected and maintaining your well-being.
  3. Include your family in your pre-retirement plans. – Once you’re retired, you will have more time to spend with your spouse. Actively include him or her in your pre-retirement plans. Have a conversation about what you would like life after retirement to look like and discuss how you can help support one another.
  4. Have a solid financial plan. – Not having enough resources to support yourself after retirement can add stress to your life. One way to make sure that you are emotionally prepared for the transition is to make sure that you have a financial plan in place that provides a quality of life for yourself in retirement. 

Change in life status is exciting and can be positive if you’re prepared.

Mindset, attitudes, behaviors and habits.

Retirement can mean looking forward to a simpler, less stressful life, free of commuting, demanding boss, meetings and deadlines.

Good health care, combined with recreational and fitness opportunities, are critical attributes of retirement of a healthy retirement. Good health, combined with a moderate cost of living, are critical since 96% of retirees—and 99% of those age 75 and over—say that health is more important than wealth to live well in retirement, according to the survey.

Yet health and wealth are very intertwined. People with financial resources can invest more in their health, and those in poor health have a harder time enjoying what their money can buy.

Tackling tough financial issues, such as overspending, debt and “having more month left than money available”, are a great way to drive change. Better yet, it’s always a good idea to learn more about financial management matters, getting out of debt and becoming a discipline saver for the future and invest for the long term.

To retire with financial security and sense of confidence, most financial experts recommend a certain liquid asset level, a mostly paid-off mortgage, and multiple streams of income. Furthermore, they observe that:

  1. Retirees are feeling increasingly confident about their ability to maintain a comfortable lifestyle without running out of money. And, that is the primary goal for retirement.
  2. Retirees want a physically active, healthy and vibrant lifestyle.
  3. Retirees want to be emotionally engaged and socially fulfilling lifestyle.

Find happiness in retirement

Finding happiness and contentment in retirement requires retiring with core pursuits and sense of purpose. What’s paramount to an happy retirement and life is having multiple activities/ projects / endeavors that you’re passionate about participating.

These are activities (projects or endeavors) that excite and fulfill; hobbies on steroids and things you look forward to. Examples are learning an instrument, learning a language, and enjoying golf, biking, yoga, walking, hiking. Wes Moss, a managing partner at Capital Investment Advisors in Atlanta and author of three personal-finance books and host of the Money Matters weekly radio call-in show, commissioned Georgia Tech University in Atlanta do a statistical analysis retirees’ activities and found that “happy retirees have 3.6 core pursuits. Unhappy retirees have 1.9 core pursuits”.

When you have a long life expectancy, you can spend the first sixty years working for you and your family, then the next forty years working for the greater good and contributing to make the world a better place. Working for the greater food gives you a sense of greater purpose. One in five Americans downright hate their jobs. Compare this to the results that show that three in five could “take it or leave it”.

The Happiness Retirees on the Block (HROB) create their happiness by engaging in a long series of core pursuits — activities, projects and endeavors — that make a difference in their lives. Your core pursuits can lead you to a more fulfilling future while adding life to your years. Core pursuits can lead to a more fulfilling future while adding happy life to your years.

Get going, Get growing, Continue learning

Sparse diet, taking the stairs and take on activities that feed their soul and focus on you and the greater good. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but a lack of curiosity is what kills the happy retiree.

References;

  1. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/02/03/baby-boomers-retirement-emotional/22799155/
  2. https://www.newretirement.com/retirement/retirement-planning-the-emotional-toll-of-transitioning-to-retirement
  3. https://www.barrons.com/articles/you-can-probably-retire-earlier-than-you-think-says-personal-finance-guru-wes-moss-51599870173
  4. https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewbiggs/2020/02/19/fact-check-are-41-of-retirees-economically-insecure/amp/

Long-Term Investing

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“Finding success as a long-term investor requires navigating a psychological minefield.”. Ben Carson, Director of Institutional Asset Management at Ritholtz Wealth Management.

Everyone would agree that the stock market has been highly volatile since the turn of the 21st century, experiencing crashes of 50%, 57% and 34% since 2000. It’s possible this level of heightened volatility is going to remain for the foreseeable future with an assist from the internet, rising sovereign debt and inflation.

Investing for the long-term implies that you set aside money today so you can have more money in the future. But getting to whatever the “long-term” means to you requires seeing the present value of your holdings fall, sometimes in soul-crushing fashion.

In the coming 40-50 years, you should expect to experience at least 10 or more bear markets, including 5 or 6 that constitute a market crash in stocks. There will also probably be at least 7-8 recessions in that time as well, maybe more.

However, you can never be sure of anything when it comes to the equity markets or the U.S. economy, but let’s use history as a rough guide on this. Over the 50 years from 1970-2019, there were 7 recessions, 10 bear markets and 4 legitimate market crashes with losses in excess of 30% for the U.S. stock market. Over the previous 50 years from 1920-1969, there were 11 recessions, 15 bear markets, and 8 legitimate market crashes with losses in excess of 30% for the U.S. stock market.

Bear markets, brutal market crashes and recessions are a fact of life as an investor. They are a common and expected feature of the financial system.

If you’re investing in the stock market that means you should plan on losing at least 10% of your money once every 1-2 years, on average. You should also plan on losing 20% of your capital once every 3 or 4 years, 30% once every 6 or 7 years and 40% or worse every 10-12 years.

These time frames aren’t set in stone since actual stock market returns are anything but average but you get the point. If your money is invested in the stock market for the long-term, expect it to grow over time but also evaporate without warning on occasion.

The same applies to pretty much any risk asset.

References:

  1. https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2021/05/sometimes-you-just-have-to-eat-your-losses-in-the-markets/
  2. https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2021/02/a-short-history-of-u-s-stock-market-corrections-bear-markets/

Cash Flow in Retirement | Fidelity Investments

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Cash flow simply means the amount of cash you have coming in and going out each month.

Think about cash flow as mapping your income versus your expenses. If you anticipate risk factors that can often come with retirement (health care expense, a downturn in the market, or a family emergency) then consider increasing your position in cash (or cash equivalents like Treasury bills, CDs, and money market accounts).

How will you help maintain a steady flow of income in retirement?

You’ve spent years saving money in anticipation of retirement, and while accumulating retirement savings is indeed important, it’s only half the story. Once you stop working, your focus shifts away from saving money and toward using that money to live the retirement you want.

Generating your retirement income

Retirement is an exciting stage of life that many Americans eagerly anticipate, yet retirement as we’ve known it has changed. Different concepts of retirement are emerging — your personal vision of retirement likely differs from how your parents, neighbors, and friends expect to spend their retirement years. In addition, Americans today are living longer and are more responsible for funding their retirements than past generations.

As we navigate this continually evolving retirement landscape, it’s important that your retirement-planning process reflect your unique situation. And remember that retirement income (or cash flow) planning requires a different set of strategies, products, plans, and choices than saving for your retirement. Education and guidance can help you develop an income plan and a spending strategy that are right for you.

Understanding retirement income

While most people understand the importance of saving money for retirement, the concept of retirement income planning is less familiar. Some basic definitions are.

  • Retirement income is the money you use to cover your expenses when you stop working.
  • Potential retirement income sources include Social Security, pensions, annuities, retirement savings from a qualified employer sponsored plan (QRP) like 401(k), 403(b) and governmental 457(b) as well as IRAs.
  • Retirement income planning is the process of determining how much money you’ll need in retirement, and where your cash flow will come from each year. Retirement income planning involves four components:
    • Planning:  Write a plan that includes your expected retirement expenses to help provide a roadmap through retirement.
    • Retirement investing strategies: Determine your various retirement income sources and consider the best way to invest your assets to help meet your retirement income goals.
    • Managing your retirement money: Decide how to manage your money to help maintain a steady flow of income that will cover your expenses throughout your retirement years.
    • Ongoing monitoring: Revisit and adjust your retirement income plan whenever your circumstances change, but at least once a year.

Benefits of planning your retirement income

Developing a written income plan can help you retire with confidence by considering questions such as: What do I want to do in retirement? Where do I want to live? Do I have enough to retire when I’d like? How do I create a steady income stream to take the place of my paycheck? How can I plan for the unexpected, such as extreme market fluctuations, health care needs, and other financial needs? And, will my money last throughout my retirement years?

For illustrative purposes only.

Starting the retirement income planning process five to 10 years before you retire allows you time to develop a thoughtful, personalized plan that will help make the most of your hard-earned savings.

cash flow to help meet both your near-term liquidity needs and longer-term needs for both income and growth

One approach to consider is to bucket cash for different shorter- and longer-term needs, such as living expenses, short-term goals, and emergencies. Here are some ways to implement each:

Read Viewpoints on Fidelity.com: Budgeting for retirees

References:

  1. https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/retirement/managing-cash-flow

Goals

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“Most people don’t know what they want.” Jim Rohn

You can’t ask for what you want unless you know what it is you want, according to Mark Victor Hansen, co-author for the Chicken Soup for the Soul. And, the first step to creating a goal is to figure out what you want. If you don’t know what you want, you don’t know what you need to achieve to get there.

Creating a list of financial goals is necessary for managing money and financial success. When you have a clear picture of what you’re aiming for, working towards your target is easy. That means that your goals should be measurable, specific and time oriented.

There are several types and timeframes of financial goals:

  • Short term financial goals – These are smaller financial targets that can be reached within a year. This includes things like a new television, computer, or family vacation.
  • Mid-term financial goals – Typically take about five years to achieve. A little more expensive than an everyday goal, they are still achievable with discipline and hard work. Paying off a credit card balance, a loan or saving for a down payment on a car are all mid-term goals.
  • Long-term financial goals – This type of goal usually takes much more than 5 years to achieve. Some examples of long term goals are saving for a college education or a new home.

The  concept of setting “goals” can be intimidating to many individuals. It can feel so overbearing that it keeps people from even beginning the process settling goals.

Instead, a better way is to think of goals as a to-do list with deadlines and for the rest of your life. Goals can be added, subtracted and, most important, scratched off the list as you move through your life.

The major reason for setting a goal is for what it makes you do to accomplish the goal. This will always be a far greater value than what you get. That is why goals are so powerful—they are part of the fabric that makes up our lives.

“Research says that merely writing your goals down makes you 42% more likely to achieve them.”

Goal setting provides focus,  provides a deadline and measurement for your dreams, and gives you the ability to hone in on the exact actions you need to take in order to get everything in life you desire.

Goals are exciting because they provide focus and aim for your life. Goals cause you to stretch and grow in ways you never have before. In order to reach your goals, you must most do thing differently, you must become better; you must change and grow.

A powerful goal has components:

  • It must be inspiring.
  • It must be believable.
  • It must have written targets and you must measure progress against those targets.
  • It must be one you can act on.

When your goals inspire you, when you believe and act on them, you will accomplish them.

Achieving financial goals takes a little more than just luck.

It requires extreme discipline, dedication, and repeated sacrifice. It means setting short- and long-term financial goals and then following through on them. Unfortunately, these are things with which the majority of Americans seem to struggle.

Research, however, suggests that simply writing out a list of financial goals makes a person 42% more likely to achieve them, according to a study done by Gail Matthews at Dominican University.

It is widely known and accepted that if you want to achieve something, you had better set a goal.

However, very few Americans actually do or even know how to set financial goals. According to Schwab’s Modern Wealth Index, only 25% of people have some sort of written plan or goals. What’s worse, the Financial Health Network finds that only 29% of Americans are financially healthy.

Don’t wait for financial success to come knocking. Achieving your goal like affording a house, paying college tuition, or ultimately funding retirement, will most likely be on you.

References:

  1. https://www.success.com/10-tips-for-setting-your-greatest-goals
  2. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellevate/2014/04/08/why-you-should-be-writing-down-your-goals/
  3. https://credit.org/blog/financial-goals-examples/
  4. https://www.success.com/rohn-5-simple-steps-to-plan-your-dream-life/
  5. https://www.aboutschwab.com/schwab-modern-wealth-index
  6. https://dollarsprout.com/list-of-financial-goals/
  7. https://finhealthnetwork.org

Financial Mindset

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“It’s difficult to master the psychology and emotions behind earning, spending, debt, saving, investing, and building wealth.”

Personal finance is simple. Fundamentally, you only need to know one thing: To build wealth and achieve financial freedom, you must spend less than you earn. Yet, it seems challenging for most people to get ahead financially.

Financial success is more about mindset and behavior than it is about math, according to J.D. Roth, author of Get Rich Slowly. Financial success isn’t determined by how smart you are with numbers, but how well you’re able to control your emotions and behaviors regarding savings and spending.

Financial Mindset

“Change your mindset and attitude, and you can change your life.”

You sometimes have to make sacrifices in order to improve your financial situation. For instance, if you are in debt, you need to sacrifice some expenses so you can pay more towards managing and eliminating your debt. It is these financial sacrifices that will require you to have the right financial mindsets so you can overcome the obstacles that derail people from managing and eliminating their debt.

According to an article published in USAToday.com, Americans do not have a financial literacy problem. Instead, Americans simply make the wrong financial decisions and have bad final habits which does not necessarily translate that they are unaware of the best practices of financial management. We know how to make the right choices about our personal finances. The problem, according to the article’s author Peter Dunn, is that Americans have a financial behavioral problem. It is bad financial behavior, decisions and habits that usually get them into money trouble. It is what put them in a financially untenable position.

A perfect example is that you should never spend more than what you are earning. It is logical after all. But does that mean you follow it. Some people still end up in debt because they spend more than what they are earning.

Other examples of beliefs about money and personal finance include:

  • Taking personal responsibility regarding your finances is everything.
  • You shouldn’t buy things you can’t afford.
  • You don’t have to make a ton of money to be financially successful.
  • You can give yourself and your family an amazing life, if you’re able to remain disciplined and think long term.
  • Borrowing money from or lending money to your family isn’t recommended.
  • Education can get you a better job, if you get the right education.
  • You should buy life insurance.
  • You have much more to do with being a financial success than you think.

Financial literacy gems such as “spend less than you make,” “you need to budget” and “save for the future” are impotent attempts to help. However, lacking the correct financial mindset can make following the simple financial gems quite challenging.

There are 5 destructive financial mindsets that are the norm in our society today but you should actually get rid of starting today, according to NationalDebtRelief.com.

1. Using debt to reach your dreams.

This can actually be quite confusing. A lot of people say that it is okay to be in debt as long as it will help you reach your dreams. There is some truth to that but you should probably put everything into the right perspective. Buying your own home and getting a higher education are some of the supposedly “good debts.” It is okay to borrow for these if you can reach your dreams because of that debt. Not so fast. It may be logical to use debt to reach these but here’s the key to really make it work – you should not abuse it. If you get a home loan, buy a house that will help pay for itself. That way, the debt will not be a burden for you. When it comes to student loans, make sure that you work while studying to help pay for your loans while in school. Do what you can to keep debt from being a burden so it will not hinder you from reaching your dreams.

2. Thinking you do not need an emergency fund.

The phrase, “you only live once (YOLO)”, should no longer be your mindset – especially when it comes to your finances. You always have to think about the immediate future. If you really want to enjoy this life, you need to be smart about it. Do not splurge everything on present things that you think will make you happy. It is okay to postpone your enjoyment so you can build up your emergency fund. You are not as invincible as you think even if you are still young.

3. Settling for a stressful job to pay off debt.

“The most important thing when paying off your debts is to pay off your debts.”

Among the financial mindsets that you need to erase is forcing yourself to stay in a stressful job just so you can pay off your debt. You are justifying the miserable experience that you are going through in your job because you need it to meet your financial obligations. This is the wrong mindset. You need to put yourself in a financial position where you will never be forced to stay in a job that you do not like. Live a more frugal life that does not require you to spend a lot so you can pursue a low paying job and still afford to pay your debts.

4. Delaying your retirement savings.

Some young adults think that their retirement savings can wait. Some of them think that they need to pay off their debts first before they can start thinking about the future. This is not the right mindset if you want to improve your finances. You have to save for retirement even when you are drowning in debt.

5. Failing to have a backup plan.

The last of the financial mindsets that you need to forget is not having a backup plan. Do not leave things to chance if it involves your finances. You have to make a plan and not just that, you need to have a backup plan. If you have an emergency savings fund, do not rely on that alone. What if one emergency happens after another? Where will you get the funds to pay for everything? Think about that before you act.

Takeaway

Remember, personal finance is simple…it’s your emotion, behavior and habits that are challenging. Bottom-line, it comes down to your financial mindset.  Smart money management is more about your mindset than it is about personal financial math of net worth, cash flow, saving and investing. The math of personal finance is simple and easy. It’s the psychology that’s tough and challenging. Essentially, the concepts to improving your finances and achieving financial freedom are simple but it is not easy to follow through with them.

References:

  1. https://business.time.com/2013/03/11/why-financial-literacy-fails/
  2. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2015/09/27/americans-financial-literacy-behavior/72260844/
  3. https://business.time.com/2011/09/22/debt-tsunamis-debt-snowballs-and-why-the-conventional-wisdom-about-defeating-debt-is-wrong/
  4. https://www.nationaldebtrelief.com/5-financial-mindsets-you-need-to-get-rid-of/
  5. https://www.getrichslowly.org
  6. https://obliviousinvestor.com
  7. https://petetheplanner.com/yes-you-are-an-investor-think-like-one/

Road to Wealth | American Association of Individual Investors (AAII)

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You can build wealth by saving for the future and investing over a long term. The earlier you start, the easier it is for your money to work for you through compounding. 

Building wealth is essential to accomplish a variety of goals, from sending your kids to college to retiring in style. Wealth is what you accumulate; not what you spend. Most Americans are not wealthy. and few have accumulated significant assets and wealth.

How long could the average household survive without a steady income.

Every successful saving and investing journey starts with a set of clear and concise goals, whether they’re as big as retirement or as small as wanting to save for new tires for your vehicle. It’s important to determine and write down what are your savings, investing and wealth building goals.

Rather than trying to guess what’s going to happen, focus on what you can control. Each financial goal calls for a positive step you can take no matter what the market or the economy is doing.

The Wealth-Building Process can help you keep many of these financial goals and investing process on track. It is designed to give you clarity on what you are investing for and what steps you need to take to reach and fulfill those goals.

The key is to stick to your financial plan and recalibrate the investing process throughout the year. One way to do so is to set up reminders that prompt you to go back and review your goals. Positive change often requires a willingness to put yourself back on track whenever you drift away from the plan.

With that in mind, here are financial and investing tactics for investors:

1. Only follow strategies you can stick with no matter how good or bad market conditions are.  All too often, investors misperceive the optimal strategy as being the one with the highest return (and often the one with the highest recent returns). This is a big mistake; if you can’t stick to the strategy, then it’s not optimal for you. Better long-term results come to those investors who can stick with a good long-term strategy in all market environments rather than chasing the hot strategy only to abandon it when market conditions change.

One way to tell if your strategy is optimal is to look at the portfolio actions you took this past year. Make sure that you are not taking on more risk than you can actually tolerate. Alternatively, you may need to develop more clearly defined rules about when you will make changes to your portfolio.

2. Focus on your process, not on your goals. Mr. Market couldn’t care less about how much you need to fund retirement, pay for a child’s college education or fulfill a different financial goal you may have. He does as he pleases. The only thing you can control is your process for allocating your portfolio, choosing investments to buy and determining when it’s time to sell. Focus on getting the process right for these three things and you will get the best possible return relative to the returns of the financial markets and your personal tolerance for risk.

3. Write down the reasons you are buying an investment. One of the most fundamental rules of investing is to sell a security when the reasons you bought it no longer apply. Review your current holdings and ask yourself the exact reasons you bought them. Recommend you maintain notes, so you don’t have to rely on your memory to cite the exact characteristics of a stock or a fund that attracted you to the investment.

4. Write down the reasons you would sell the investments you own. Just as you should write down the reasons you bought an investment, jot down the reasons you would sell an investment, ideally before you buy it. Economic conditions and business attributes change over time, so even long-term holdings may overstay their welcome. A preset list of criteria for selling a stock, bond or fund can be particularly helpful in identifying when a negative trend has emerged.

5. Have a set schedule for reviewing your portfolio holdings.  If you own individual securities, consider reviewing the headlines and other relevant criteria weekly. (Daily can work, if doing so won’t cause you to trade too frequently.) If you own mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or bonds, monitor them quarterly or monthly.

6. Rebalance your portfolio back to your allocation targets. Check your portfolio allocations and adjust them if they are off target. For example, if your strategy calls for holding 40% large-cap stocks, 30% small-cap stocks and 30% bonds, but your portfolio is now composed of 45% large-cap stocks, 35% small-cap stocks and 20% bonds, adjust it. Move 5% of your portfolio out of large-cap stocks, move 5% out of small-cap stocks and put the money into bonds to bring your allocation back to 40%/30%/30%. How often should you rebalance? Vanguard suggests rebalancing annually or semiannually when your allocations are off target by five percentage points or more.

7. Review your investment expenses. Every dollar you spend on fees is an extra dollar you need to earn in investment performance just to break even. Higher expenses can be justified if you receive enough value for them. An example would be a financial adviser who keeps you on track to reach your financial goals. Review your expenses annually.

8. Automate when possible. A good way to avoid unintentional and behavioral errors is to automate certain investment actions. Contributions to savings, retirement and brokerage accounts can be directly taken from your paycheck or from your checking account. (If the latter, have the money pulled on the same day you get paid or the following business day.) Most mutual funds will automatically invest the contributions for you. Required minimum distributions (RMDs) can be automated to avoid missing deadlines and provide a monthly stream of income. You can also have bills set up to be paid automatically to avoid incurring late fees.

9. Create and use a checklist. An easy way to ensure you are following all of your investing rules is to have a checklist. It will both take the emotions out of your decisions and ensure you’re not overlooking something important.

10. Write and maintain emergency instructions on how to manage your portfolio. Typically, one person in a household pays the bills and manages the portfolio. If that person is you and something suddenly happened to you, how easy would it be for your spouse or one of your children to step in and take care of your financial affairs? For many families, the answer is ‘not easily’ given the probable level of stress in addition to their lack of familiarity with your accounts. A written plan better equips them to manage your finances in the manner you would like them to. It’s also a good idea to contact all of your financial institutions and give them a trusted contact they can reach out to, if needed.

Even Warren Buffett sees the value of this resolution. In his 2013 Berkshire Hathaway shareholder letter, he wrote, “What I advise here is essentially identical to certain instructions I’ve laid out in my will. One bequest provides that cash will be delivered to a trustee for my wife’s benefit … My advice to the trustee could not be more simple: Put 10% of the cash in short-term government bonds and 90% in a very low-cost S&P 500 index fund.” Considering the probability of Mrs. Buffett having learned a thing or two about investing over the years, it speaks volumes that Warren Buffett still sees the importance of including simple and easy-to-follow instructions in his estate documents.

11. Share your insights about investing with your family.  If you’re reading this, you likely have some passion for, or at least interest in, investing. Share it with your family members by having a conversation with them. Talk about how you invest, what you’ve learned and even the mistakes you’ve made. It’s a great way to pass along a legacy to those younger than you and to maintain a strong bond with those older than you. You might even learn something new by doing so. Our Wealth-Building Process can provide a great framework for facilitating these types of conversations.

If a family member isn’t ready to talk, don’t push them. Rather, write down what you want to say, give the letter to them and tell them you’ll be ready to talk when they are. For those of you who are older and are seeking topics that your younger relatives (e.g., millennials) might be interested in, consider our discount broker guide, which includes a comparison of the traditional online brokers versus the newer micro-investing apps.

12. Check your beneficiary designations. It is critical that all of your beneficiary designations are current and correctly listed. Even if nothing has changed over the past year, ensure that the designations on all of your accounts are correct. Also, make sure your beneficiaries know the accounts and policies they are listed on. Finally, be certain that those you would depend on to take over your financial affairs have access to the documents they need in the event of an emergency. We think this step is so important that we included a checklist for it in our Wealth-Building Process toolkit.

While you are in the process of checking your beneficiaries, contact all of the financial institutions you have an account or policy with to ensure your contact information is correct.

13. Be disciplined, not dogmatic. When you come across information that contradicts your views, do not automatically assume it is wrong. The information may highlight risks you have not previously considered or that you have downplayed in the past. At the same time, don’t be quick to change your investing style just because you hear of a strategy or an approach that is different than yours. Part of investing success comes from being open to new ideas while maintaining the ability to stick with a rational strategy based on historical facts. When in doubt, remember resolution #1, only follow strategies you can stick with no matter how good or bad market conditions are.

14. Never panic. Whenever stocks incur a correction (a decline of 10%–20%) or fall into bear market territory (a drop of 20% or more), the temptation to sell becomes more intense. Our brains are programmed to disdain losses as well as to react first and think later.

This focus on the short term causes us to ignore the lessons of history. Market history shows a pattern of rewards for those who endure the bouts of short-term volatility. We saw this last year. The coronavirus bear market was sharp, and the drop was quick. Those who were steadfast—or used it as an opportunity to add to their equity positions—were rewarded with new record highs being set late in the year and so far this year.

Drops happen regularly and so do recoveries. If you sell in the midst of a correction or a bear market, you will lock in your losses. If you don’t immediately buy when the market rebounds—and people who panic during bad market conditions wait too long to get back in—you will also miss out on big gains, compounding the damage to your portfolio. Bluntly put, panicking results in a large and lasting forfeiture of wealth.

15. Don’t make a big mistake.  Things are going to go haywire. A stock you bought will suddenly plunge in value. A mutual fund strategy will hit the skids. A bond issuer will receive a big credit downgrade. The market will drop at the most inopportune time.

If you are properly diversified, don’t make big bets on uncertain outcomes (including how President-elect Biden’s administration and the Democrats’ control of Congress will impact the financial markets), avoid constantly chasing the hot investment or hot strategy and set up obstacles to prevent your emotions from driving your investment decisions, you will have better long-term results than a large number of investors.

16. Take advantage of being an individual investor. Perhaps the greatest benefit of being an individual investor is the flexibility you are afforded. As AAII founder James Cloonan wrote: “The individual investor has a distinct advantage over the institution in terms of flexibility. They can move more quickly, have a wider range of opportunities and can tailor their program more effectively. They have only themselves to answer to.”

Not only are we as individual investors not restricted by market capitalization or investment style, but we also never have to report quarterly or annual performance. This means we can invest in a completely different manner than institutional investors can. Take advantage of this flexibility, because doing so gives you more opportunity to achieve your financial goals.

17. Treat investing as a business. The primary reason you are investing is to create or preserve wealth, and no one cares more about your personal financial situation than you do. So be proactive. Do your research before buying a security or fund, ask questions of your adviser and be prepared to sell any investment at any given time if your reasons for selling so dictate.

18. Alter your passwords and use anti-virus software. There continues to be news stories about hacks. The best way you can protect yourself is to vary your passwords and use security software. A password manager is helpful for this. Anti-virus software and firewalls can keep viruses off of your computer and help thwart hackers.

19. Protect your identity. Identity theft can cause significant problems. Freezing your credit, monitoring your credit reports (Consumer Reports recommends AnnualCreditReport) and paying your taxes as early as possible can help prevent you from becoming a victim. Promptly challenge any suspicious charges on your credit card or telephone bills. If you get an unsolicited call asking for personal information, such as your Social Security number, or from someone claiming to be an IRS agent, hang up. (Better yet, don’t answer the phone unless you are certain you know who is calling.) It’s also a good idea to cover the keypad when typing your passcode into an ATM. Never click on a link in an email purporting to be from a financial institution (a bank, a brokerage firm, an insurance company, etc.). Instead, type the company’s website address directly into your browser.

The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 required credit bureaus to allow consumers to freeze their credit reports at no cost. The following links will go directly to the relevant pages on each credit bureau’s website:

  • Equifax: www.equifax.com/personal/credit-report-services
  • Experian: www.experian.com/freeze/center.html
  • TransUnion: www.transunion.com/credit-freeze

20. To help others, invest in yourself first. Investing based on your values, donating to charity, devoting your time to causes you are passionate about and giving to family and friends are all noble actions and goals. To do so now and in the future requires taking care of yourself. Keep yourself on a path to being financially sound through regular saving and controlled spending. Good sleep habits, exercise and following a healthy diet (eat your vegetables!) are also important—as are continuing to wear a face mask and practicing social distancing. The better shape you keep yourself in from a physical, mental and financial standpoint, the more you’ll be able to give back to society.

For those of you seeking to follow an ESG strategy, be it due to environmental, social or governance issues, make sure you stay on a path to achieve financial freedom. The same applies to other values-based investing, such as following religious beliefs. While it is possible to do well by doing good, every restriction you place on what you’ll invest in reduces the universe of potential investments you will have to choose from.

21. Be a mindful investor. Slow down and carefully consider each investment choice before making a decision. Ensure that the transaction you are about to enter makes sense given your investing time horizon, which may be 30 years or longer, and that it makes sense given your buy and sell rules. A common trap that investors fall into is to let short-term events impact decisions that should be long-term in nature. If you think through your decision process, you may well find yourself making fewer, but smarter, investment decisions.

22. Take a deep breath. Often, the best investing action is to simply take a deep breath and gather your composure. Short-term volatility can fray anyone’s nerves, but successful investors don’t let emotions drive their trading decisions. It’s okay to be scared; it’s not okay to make decisions that could impact your portfolio’s long-term performance based on short-term market moves. If you find yourself becoming nervous, tune out the investment media until you get back into a calm state of mind and then focus on resolutions #1, #2, #3 and #4 (found in last week’s Investor Update). Success comes from being disciplined enough to focus on your strategy and goals and not on what others think you should do.

“I found the road to wealth when I decided that part of all I earned was mine to keep. And so will you.”  The Richest Man in Babylon

Finally, remember that you have a life outside of the financial markets. Investing is merely a means to an end. Put the majority of your energy into activities you truly enjoy, including spending time with family and friends.

References:

  1. https://www.aaii.com/learnandplan/aboutiiwbp
  2. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jrose/2019/09/26/ways-to-build-wealth-fast-that-your-financial-advisor-wont-tell-you