Tag Archives: Stocks

5 Simple Rules for Investing Success

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“Definiteness of purpose or single-mindedness combined with PMA (positive mental attitude) is the starting point of all worthwhile achievement. It means that you should have one high, desirable, outstanding goal and keep it ever before you.” W. Clement Stone

Investing is a mental game.  And to be successful at the mental game, you must adjust your mindset and retrain your thinking that as a long-term investor, you need to be able to buy stocks and open new positions when the market is crashing or correcting.  You’re genetically programmed to be a lousy investor.  You must set up systems and rules to fight our normal urges and invest at what appears to be the absolute worst time and when everyone else is fearful and selling.

It is important to accept the fact that you will absolutely enter a position at the wrong time and make a bad buy in the short term.  It happens to every investor at sometime in their life.

Investing doesn’t have to be intimidating or challenging. To get started investing in stocks and bonds, you should follow with deliberate purpose and action five simple rules for building a long-term portfolio, according to TD Ameritrade:

  1. Contribute early and often – The single most important thing you can do in investing is to invest early and save often. Thanks to the magic of compounding, money invested early has more time to grow. Delaying investing can have a significant effect on your portfolio. In fact, for every 10 years you wait before starting to investing, you’ll need to save roughly three times as much every month in order to catch up.
  2. Minimize fees and taxes – Charges and taxes will have an impact on your overall returns, so it’s important to take these into consideration when choosing your investments.
  3. Diversify your portfolio – We all know the saying ‘don’t put all your eggs in one basket’, but it’s particularly important to apply this rule when investing. Spreading your money across a range of different types of assets and geographical areas means you won’t be depending too heavily on one kind of investment or region. That means if one of them performs badly, some of your other investments might make up for these losses, although there are no guarantees.
  4. Consider how much time you have – Investing should never be considered a ‘get rich quick’ scheme. You need to remain invested for at least ten years, but preferably much longer to give your investments the best chance of providing the returns you’re hoping for. Even then you must be comfortable accepting the risk that you could get less than you put in. If your investment goals are short-term, for example, two or three years away, investing won’t be right for you, as you’ll need to keep your money readily accessible, usually in a savings account.
  5. Have a financial plan and focus on long-term goals – A financial plan creates a roadmap for your money and helps you achieve your goals. It is a comprehensive picture of your current finances, your financial goals and any strategies you’ve set to achieve those goals. Good financial planning should include details about your cash flow, savings, debt, investments, insurance and any other elements of your financial life. Knowing what your financial goals are and what sort of timeframe you are investing over may help you stick to your plan and strategy. For example, if you have long-terms goals, perhaps saving for retirement which may be several decades away, you may be less tempted to dip into your investments before you stop work.

https://youtu.be/NxEcO7ITtMo

And, never forget the top two and oldest rules for investors, according to Warren Buffet:

  • Rule #1 of investing is “Don’t Lose Money.”
  • Rule #2 is “Don’t forget rule #1.”

What Buffett is referring to is a state of mind and philosophy for investing. Simply, it means that there’s no such thing as “play money.” You don’t go out and speculate on a stock. You remain patient and disciplined, whether your tax deferred or brokerage accounts are up or down for the month or year.

Investing is not gambling and the stock market is not a casino. There’s no such thing as the house’s money in investing. It’s all your money, and it has to be protected.

So, don’t become anchored to the price of stocks, instead focus on buying good businesses at fair prices.  Only thing that truly matters in investing is the long-term future prospects (innovation, moat, management acumen) and growth opportunities of businesses. Don’t let the loss in the price of a stock get in your head and don’t let a short-term paper loss sway your emotions, behaviors or actions.

Better to be a regular investor rather than be perfect or optimize to price of the stock.  And remember, celebrate good stock buys, and recognize and learn from bad buys.

References:

  1. https://www.barclays.co.uk/smart-investor/news-and-research/investing-for-beginners/10-golden-rules-for-investors
  2. https://www.fool.com/retirement/2007/08/06/invest-early-and-often.aspx
  3. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/11/6-lessons-top-6-investors.asp
  4. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/fundamental-analysis/09/market-investor-axioms.asp
  5. https://cabotwealth.com/daily/how-to-invest/10-basic-rules-of-investing-according-to-the-legends

Investing is a marathon

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Investing is a marathon and learning how investing in stocks can help you accumulate wealth is important to your financial

Long-term investing is a marathon and is the best way, by far, to build wealth that stands the test of time. It’s how you plan for financial freedom, retirement and build a legacy to pass on to your children and grandchildren. Long-term investments require patience and time measured in decades, but have the potential to pay off with high returns.

Investing is the act of purchasing assets – such as stocks or bonds or real estate – in order to move money from the present to the future. However, the conversion of present cash into future cash is burdened by the following problems:

  • Individuals prefer current consumption over future consumption: delayed gratification is hard for most people and, all things being equal, we would rather have things now than wait for them.
  • Inflation: When the money supply increases, prices also often increase. Consequently, the purchasing power of fiat currency decreases over time.
  • Risk: The future is uncertain, and there is always a chance that future cash delivery may not occur.

To overcome these problems, investors must be compensated appropriately. This compensation comes in the form of an interest rate, which is determined by a combination of the asset’s risk and liquidity and the expected inflation rate.

The steps to investing and building wealth involve a series of small decisions that move you along a financial path, one building block at a time over a long period of time. The steps begin with believing that attaining wealth is possible, and a clear intention to start investing and attaining wealth. After all, making your money work for you and accumulating wealth is not a haphazard occurrence, but a deliberate process, journey and destination.

Once you determine that investing and attaining wealth is a priority, focus your energies on maximizing your income, and saving a portion of it. Investing and building wealth also requires you to make decisions on avoiding potentially destructive forces that erode wealth, such as inflation, taxes and overspending.

Learning to be mindful of where your money has been going and spending wisely by evaluating whether something is a need or just a want will keep more money in your pocket. The bonus from being mindful will help you stop accumulating more stuff and may teach you to repurpose already owned items.

“Successful investing and building wealth are about discipline, understanding of your tolerance for risk and, most importantly, about setting realistic financial goals and expectations about market returns,” says Certified Financial Planner Melissa Einberg, a wealth adviser at Forteris Wealth Management.

Invest in stocks.

Your first thought regarding investing in stocks and bonds may be that you don’t want to take the risk. Market downturns definitely happen, but being too cautious can also put you at a disadvantage.

Stocks are an important part of any portfolio because of their long term potential for growth and higher potential returns versus other investments like cash or bonds. For example, from 1926 to 2019, a dollar kept in cash investments would only be worth $22 today; that same dollar invested in small-cap stocks would be worth $25,688 today.

Stocks can serve as a cornerstone for most portfolios because of their potential for growth. But remember – you need to balance reward with risk. Generally, stocks with higher potential return come with a higher level of risk. Investing in equities involves risks. The value of your shares will fluctuate, and you may lose principal.

Investing a portion of your savings in stocks may help you reach financial goals with the caveat that money you think you’ll need in three to five years should be in less risky investments. Stock investing should be long-term, understanding your risk tolerance, and how much risk you can afford to take.

The power of compounding

Compound interest is what can help you make it to the finish line. Compounding can work to your advantage as a long-term investor. When you reinvest dividends or capital gains, you can earn future returns on that money in addition to the original amount invested.

Let’s say you purchase $10,000 worth of stock. In the first year, your investment appreciates by 5%, or a gain of $500. If you simply collected the $500 in profit each year for 20 years, you would have accumulated an additional $10,000. However, by allowing your profits to stay invested, a 5% annualized return would grow to $26,533 after 20 years due to the power of compounding.

Purchasing power protection

Inflation reduces how much you can buy because the cost of goods and services rises over time. Stocks offer two key weapons in the battle against inflation: growth of principal and rising income. Stocks that increase their dividends on a regular basis give you a pay raise to help balance the higher costs of living over time.

In addition, stocks that provide growing dividends have historically provided a much greater total return to shareholders, as shown below.

Invest for the long term.

Long-term investing is the practice of buying and holding assets for a period of five to ten years or longer. While investing with a long-term view sounds simple enough, sticking to this principle requires discipline. You should buy investments with the intention of owning them through good and bad markets. You should base your investment guidance on a long-term view. For your stock picks, you should typically use a five – to ten-year outlook or longer.

Long-term investments require patience on your part which is a trade-off for potentially lower risk and/or a higher possible return.

Market declines can be unnerving. But bull markets historically have lasted much longer and have provided positive returns that offset the declines. Also, market declines often represent a good opportunity to invest. Strategies such as dollar cost averaging and dividend reinvestment can help take the emotion out of your investing decisions.

No one can or has accurately “time” the market. An investor who missed the 10 best days of the market experienced significantly lower returns than someone who stayed invested during the entire period, including periods of market volatility and corrections. Staying invested with a strategy that aligns with your financial goals is a proven course of action.

References:

  1. https://www.edwardjones.com/market-news-guidance/guidance/stock-investing-benefits.html
  2. https://smartasset.com/investing/long-term-investment
  3. https://www.bankrate.com/investing/steps-to-building-wealth/
  4. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/04/how-we-increased-our-net-worth-by-1-million-in-6-years-and-retired-early.html

Source: Schwab Center for Financial Research. The data points above illustrate the growth in value of $1.00 invested in various financial instruments on 12/31/1925 through 12/31/2019. Results assume reinvestment of dividends and capital gains; and no taxes or transaction costs. Source for return information: Morningstar, Inc. 

Investing for the Long Term

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“For investment success and above average returns, investors should invest and grow their money over the long term.”

Long-term investing is the best way to build wealth and is a strategy that has for decades withstood the test of time. It’s instrumental in planning for retirement and building wealth and a legacy. Long-term investing require patience and has the potential to pay off with a much higher returns.

Long-term investing is the practice of buying and holding investments like stocks for many years and decades. The exact definition of how many years or decades you must hold an investment for it to qualify as a long-term investment varies. Generally, it is between ten and twenty years, though it can be much longer.

“Investors would be better off…to just keep their investments long-term and not worry about what happens in the short-term. It’s the hardest thing to do, but sitting on your hands and staying long-term focused pays the highest dividends.”  Mark Matson

Common sense says that long-term investing is more conservative. Sometimes that’s true, but not always. You can invest in the stock market, generally considered one of the riskier investment assets, with the intention of holding the stocks for the long term. There is still a good amount of risk involved even though it’s technically a long-term investment if you hold the stocks for a longer period of time.

Patience

Long-term investments require patience. That patience is a trade-off for potentially lower risk and/or a higher possible return. You aren’t going to see the quick increases in portfolio value and it isn’t always going to be the most exciting type of investing.

It’s important to keep your eyes on long-term goals (or prize) like retiring, paying for your education and passing on some of your wealth to your family.  “Investors need to stay focused on the next 10 to 20 years, not the next 10 to 20 minutes,” says Mark Matson, veteran market strategist of Matson Money.

Investors hold long-term investments for a period of several decades. Long-term investing is about buying and holding securities rather than selling at the first sign of profit.

Long-term investing is about patience and waiting out volatility, corrections and bear cycles. You have to focus on how an investment will appreciate down the road. There are a number of possible long-term investments you can make. Just think about your own financial situation before deciding which of them is right for you.

Market declines can be unnerving. But bull markets historically have lasted much longer and have provided positive returns that offset the declines. Also, market declines often represent a good opportunity to invest. Strategies such as dollar cost averaging and dividend reinvestment can help take the emotion out of your investing decisions.

As the chart below illustrates, no one can accurately “time” the market. An investor who missed the 10 best days of the market experienced significantly lower returns than someone who stayed invested during the entire period, including periods of market volatility. Staying invested with a strategy that aligns with your financial goals is essential.

Missing the best days

Value of $10,000 investment in the S&P 500 in 1980

Source: Ned Davis Research, 12/31/1979-7/1/2020.

Successful long term investing equates to decades and is extremely boring.

The path to build wealth required you to take the laziest, simplest approach to stock investing imaginable, and have a little patience. Ever since Vanguard introduced its S&P 500 index fund 45 years ago, ordinary investors have been able to invest in broad stock indexes in a tax-efficient manner, with extremely low fees.

Investors who committed to large-cap stocks of the S&P 500 index for 35 years saw returns equal to or higher than the long-term return (94 years) of 10.2% in 87% of the rolling 35-year periods between 1926 to 2019 (there were 60 of them), according to Barron’s.

If only investing for 30 years, returns were 10.2% or higher in only 74% of the rolling 30-year periods. It falls to 60% when the time frame is 25 years.

The historical success rate of achieving the long-term return also increased for investors willing to stay in the saddle for at least 35 years. In general, if an investment portfolio has at least a 60% equity allocation, the needed investment period is at least 25 years to have a 70% or higher chance of achieving the long-term return.

Long-term investing means holding stock in a portfolio for a period of at least 10 to 35 years.  Long term investing represents some of the best investing advice investor should heed.  Investors need to stay focused and base their investment decisions on the next 10 to 30 years, not the next 10 to 30 days.

The power of compounding

Compounding can work to your advantage as a long-term investor. When you reinvest dividends or capital gains, you can earn future returns on that money in addition to the original amount invested.

Let’s say you purchase $10,000 worth of stock. In the first year, your investment appreciates by 5%, or a gain of $500. If you simply collected the $500 in profit each year for 20 years, you would have accumulated an additional $10,000. However, by allowing your profits to stay invested, a 5% annualized return would grow to $26,533 after 20 years due to the power of compounding.

“Good investing isn’t necessarily about earning the highest returns…It’s about earning pretty good returns that you can stick with and which can be repeated for the longest period of time”, according to Warren Buffett. “That’s when compounding runs wild.”

Tax control advantages

Investing is a terrific way to build wealth and financial security, but it’s also a way to create a hefty tax bill if you don’t understand how and when the IRS and state tax departments impose taxes on investments.

  • Tax on capital gains – Capital gains are the profits from the sale of an asset — shares of stock, a piece of land, a business — and generally are considered taxable income. Essentially, the money you make on the sale of any of these items is your capital gain.
  • Tax on dividends – Dividends usually are taxable income in the year they’re received. Even if you didn’t receive a dividend in cash — if you automatically reinvested your dividend to buy more shares of the underlying stock, such as in a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) — you still need to report it. And, there are generally two kinds of dividends: nonqualified and qualified. The tax rate on – nonqualified dividends is the same as your regular income tax bracket. The tax rate on qualified dividends usually is lower.
  • Taxes on investments in a 401(k) – Generally, you don’t pay taxes on money you put into a traditional 401(k), and while the money is in the account you pay no taxes on investment gains, interest or dividends. Taxes hit only when you make a withdrawal. With a Roth 401(k), you pay the taxes upfront, but then your qualified distributions in retirement are not taxable. For traditional 401(k)s, the money you withdraw is taxable as regular income — like income from a job — in the year you take the distribution.
  • Tax on mutual funds – Mutual fund taxes typically include taxes on dividends and capital gains while you own the fund shares, as well as capital gains taxes when you sell the fund shares. Your mutual fund may generate and distribute dividends, interest or capital gains from the investments inside the fund. Accordingly, you may owe taxes on these investments — even if you haven’t sold any of the shares or received any cash from them. The tax rate you pay depends on the type of distribution you get from the mutual fund, as well as other factors. If you sell your mutual fund shares for a profit, you might incur capital gains tax.

With stocks, you control when to buy and sell, and can reduce your tax burden and are very cost efficient.

You can reduce capital gains taxes on investments by using losses to offset gains. Tax-Loss Harvesting is a tool that can significantly lessen the tax burden and the pain of corrections or down markets. The primary benefit of tax-loss harvesting is you can capture current losses in your portfolio without changing the risk and return characteristics of your portfolio. These recognized losses can be used to reduce your taxes. They can be applied to up to $3,000 of ordinary income and an unlimited amount of capital gains each year. Unused losses may even be carried forward indefinitely.

Very few investors realize their true account value is the aggregate value of their securities plus the aggregate tax savings from their harvested losses (i.e. their harvested losses * their marginal federal + state ordinary tax rate). For example, if you invested $10,000 and harvested losses of $2,000, and your marginal tax rate is 40% and your account has traded down to $9,500 then you are actually above water despite appearing to have lost 5%. That’s because you should add the $800 of tax savings ($2,000 * 40%) to your securities value of $9,500 to get a total tax adjusted value of $10,300 – greater than the $10,000 you invested. This is why tax-loss harvesting provides an opportunity for an offsetting economic benefit.

References:

  1. https://smartasset.com/investing/long-term-investment
  2. https://www.barrons.com/articles/financial-advisors-tell-clients-to-invest-for-the-long-term-but-how-many-years-is-that-51604003385?mod=article_signInButton
  3. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/a-president-trump-or-biden-doesnt-matter-to-the-stock-market-just-invest-for-the-next-20-years-strategist-161541443.html
  4. https://www.edwardjones.com/us-en/market-news-insights/guidance-perspective/benefits-investing-stock
  5. https://mentalpivot.com/book-notes-the-psychology-of-money-by-morgan-housel/
  6. https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/taxes/investment-taxes-basics-investors
  7. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/04/upshot/stock-market-winning-strategy.html

Beginner’s Guide to Investing

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“Successful investors had to start somewhere, and it’s never too early or too late to start planning for your financial future and learning how to invest wisely.” Phil Town

Getting started investing can be intimidating. The learning curve combined with the fact that you are putting your own money at risk is often enough to scare many people away from one of the safest ways to put ‘your money to work for you’ and financial freedom.

However, the most successful investors like Peter Lynch and Warren Buffett had to start somewhere, and it’s never too early or too late to start planning for your financial future and learning how to invest wisely.

This beginner’s guide to investing, according to investment advisor and NY Times Best-Selling author Phil Town, covers everything you need to know to start investing on your own and make smart investing decisions.

Step 1: Pay Off Bad Debt and Avoid Money Traps

Don’t even think about making any major investments before you have paid off unnecessary debt.

These things shouldn’t hold you back from starting to invest, but if you have “bad” debt from credit cards and high interest personal loans that will get you in trouble with interest payments, pay that off before you put money in the stock market.

Additionally, don’t fall into the common money traps. People of all ages trying to keep up with the Joneses: buying the latest phone, shiniest car, biggest house.

“Money traps are things that will take all your money so you have nothing left to invest.” Phil Town

These are money traps because they are things that will take all your money so you have nothing left to invest. Spending money wisely is one of the most important steps you can take to put yourself in the best possible financial situation before you begin investing.

Step 2: Create an Emergency Fund

If you have figured out how to spend your money wisely, you have probably figured out how to save it. An emergency fund is part of your savings that you set aside in case of an emergency.

It’s a good idea to put 3-6 months of your living expenses into your emergency fund (it can just be in a savings account) should something crazy happen a pandemic!

If your car breaks down, you get laid off, or you have unforeseen medical expenses, you will have the funds you need. An emergency fund will also come in handy in case of a recession.

Even if you don’t have to tap it, you will have peace of mind knowing there is a cushion available if you need it.

Step 3: Learn the Investing Basics

You wouldn’t start driving a truck without knowing the basics driving, so you shouldn’t jump in the stock market without knowing the basics of investing.

Before you begin building wealth, it’s important to understand the basic goal of investing as well as the basic process that you will use to reach that goal.

Step 4: Embrace a Positive Investing Mindset

Your investing psychology (mindset and behavior) and how it affects your investing are important aspects to understand and appreciate. It will dictate how you as an investor will actually behave, the reasons and causes of that behavior, why the behavior can hurt your wealth and what you can do about it.

Understanding the psychological aspects and how psychology affects investing are an important and critical aspect of investing. Knowing that you belong in the market and that your capable of investing in the market are important first steps.

Successful investing has much to do with you needing to be a pretty good amateur psychologist of both your own biases and the market’s, according to Nick Murray. Virtually all market tops and bottoms occur at emotional extremes:

  • Bottoms coincide with widespread panic while
  • Tops tend to be associated with some unjustified level of overconfidence or greed.

The theory behind sentiment analysis is quite simple. Market peaks occur when buying power has become exhausted. This happens because those buyers have become either complacent, overconfident or just plain greedy. Once they’ve all bought in, who’s left to buy?

Step 5: Create an Investment Plan

Once you have a positive investing mindset and know you know how investing works, you can move on to the next steps, but don’t get your wallet ready just yet.

Before you put your money in the market, you need to have a clear plan of what you want to accomplish and how you are going to do it. This is where creating an investment plan comes in.

The best investment plan is one that is customized to your lifestyle, so it’s necessary to create an individualized strategy that will set you on the path to success.

  • Evaluate your current financial standing to understand how much risk you can take.
  • Determine your goals and how long it will take you to realistically achieve them.
  • Figure out which types of investments and strategies are the best way to get you to where you want to be.

Having a clear investment plan will give you a ton of clarity as you begin investing.

Step 6: Decide What Type of Investment to Make

Next, you need to decide what type of investments will help you accomplish what you have set out to accomplish. There are several different types of investments that you should be aware of before you start investing your money.

Step 7: Establish Your Investing Strategy

Investing is more than picking a few stocks and hoping for the best. If you’re doing it right, there’s a real strategy involved. Now, you can choose from a plethora of investment strategies for investing beginners. These investment strategies include:

  • Impact Investing: Investing in companies with a measurable environmental or charitable impact
  • Growth Investing: Investing in companies that exhibit signs of above-average growth
  • Income Investing: Investing in securities that pay dividends
  • Small-Cap Investing: Investing in small companies that are new and potentially grow faster
  • Value Investing: Investing in great companies when they are on sale for prices lower than they are worth

There is one investment strategy that is recommended which follows the principles of value investing.  When you value invest, you buy growth companies, small-cap companies, and impactful companies, but you buy them when they are on sale.

This investing strategy will give you the highest rates of return with the lowest amount of risk.  When you buy wonderful high-value companies for half or even a quarter of their value, you can ensure big returns.

Step 8: Determine Where To Invest

Once you decide that you are ready to start buying and selling stocks, you need to choose what platform or service you will use to make your investments.

For most investors, an online broker will be the best option because online brokers allow you to place trades for a relatively small fee while still offering all of the resources and information you need to make wise investments.

There are many online brokers available to choose from and most are fairly competitive in regards to the fees they charge and the services that they offer. And, you really can’t go wrong with any of the major online brokers.

Step 9: Build a Stock Watchlist

It’s time to start investing. If you decided stocks are the right type of investment, you can start picking stocks…carefully. A stock watchlist is your own personal list of companies that you have researched and found to be worthy of your investment. Once you build your watchlist, you watch and wait for the companies on it to go on sale.

To build a watchlist, you need to do your research

The best companies to invest in for beginners are companies that have been around for at least ten years, companies that you understand, companies that exhibit past growth and the potential for future growth, companies that are run by trustworthy management, and companies that have been placed on-sale relative to their value.

You can break down these qualifications into what we call the Four Ms of Investing. It will take a bit of research to discover the Four Ms for each company, but the payoff will be worth it.

If you find a company that meets these qualifications, you will have found an ideal investment for any investor, beginners included.

If you find a company that meets all of these qualifications, you will likely have found an ideal investment opportunity.

Practice Patience and Wait

Once you have found a company that meets your qualifications, it still may not be prudent to invest in it right away. Instead, you’ll want to put the company on your watchlist and wait until the stock market places it on sale.

The good news is that the market puts wonderful companies on sale all the time. If you’re patient, the companies on your watchlist will eventually dip to a price that allows you to buy them up for a bargain rate and profit once the price of those companies goes back up to their true value.

Investing Tip: Check Your Emotions

By far, the most important investing tip for beginners to follow is this: keep your emotions in check.

If you invest in wonderful companies at a point when the market has placed them on sale relative to their value, it’s hard not to make money; that is, if you don’t let your emotions get the better of you.

Even great companies can experience dips in price over the short-term, and these dips often cause inexperienced investors to become afraid and sell off their shares.

By the same token, greed causes many investors to buy into a company at times when the company is overpriced. This leads to lower returns or even losses.

If you want to succeed as an investor, you have to avoid letting fear or greed drive your decision-making process.

Remain patient and logical as you invest and you’ll be able to avoid many of the pitfalls that beginner investors often fall prey to.

Step 10: Know When to Buy Your Stocks

Succeeding at investing in stocks is all about choosing the right companies as well as the right time to invest, but the right time won’t last forever. Once a company on your watchlist goes on sale, it’s time to buy.

Making money requires some degree of timing. Investment legends like Warren Buffett may condemn market timing, however, they would not disagree that there are far better times to enter a stock position and exit a stock position than others.

Entering a new position when there is panic is a far better bet than when the stock price has increase to levels far above its intrinsic value due to fear of missing out.

At this point, all you need to do is place your money in the company and keep it there for the long-term. If you made a wise investment, your money will grow in value for many years after you invest it in the company.

References:

  1. https://www.ruleoneinvesting.com/blog/how-to-invest/get-started-investing-with-these-10-steps/
  2. https://www.markonomics101.com/2018/10/08/the-psychology-of-investing/

Financial Literacy: Six Principles of Personal Finance | TD Ameritrade

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Imagine operating a boat without the basic understanding of nautical rules of the road or even how to operate a boat. Scary thought.

Here’s another scary circumstance – one that is all too real. Many Americans are making financial decisions with minimal financial knowledge of investing, budgeting, and credit. The TIAA Institute conducted a survey on U.S. financial literacy, asking 28 basic questions about retirement saving, debt management, budgeting, and other financial matters. The average respondent answered only about half of the questions correctly.

Another study, conducted by Pew Research, found that one in four Americans say that they won’t be able to pay their bills on time this month.

It has been said that knowledge is power, and if that’s true, then too many Americans lack the power to control their financial futures. Financial success rarely happens by accident; it is typically the outcome of a journey that starts with education.

Talking about money is one of the most important skills to being a fiscally responsible and a financially literate person. However, 44% of Americans surveyed would rather discuss death, religion or politics than talk about personal finance with a loved one, according to CNBC.

Why? Two major reasons are embarrassment and fear of conflict, even though the consequences can be grave: 50% of first marriages end in divorce, and financial conflict is often a key contributor. Additionally, it is considered rude to discuss money and wealth.

The missing component is financial literacy education and training.

Mastering personal finance requires you to look at your financial situation holistically and come up with a plan for how to manage your money. In this TD Ameritrade video, we’ll look at helpful principles for six personal finance topics:

  1. Budgeting – focus on the big ticket items by cutting cost on the expensive costs such as cars and homes
  2. Saving and investing – be specific about your destination and your plan on achieving your goal and reaching your destination
  3. Debt and Credit – avoid high interest debt and loans on items that will quickly lose value
  4. Reduce taxes – find ways to legally pay less taxes on the income you earn,
  5. Avoid insurance for expenses you can pay out of pocket – purpose of insurance is to protect you in unfortunate scenarios.  60% of all bankruptcy is related to medical expenses
  6. Investing for retirement. – don’t just save for retirement, invest for retirement.

Make high impact adjustments to your finances to improve your financial future.

References:

  1. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/30/the-us-is-in-a-financial-literacy-crisis-advisors-can-fix-the-problem.html
  2. https://www.tiaainstitute.org/publication/financial-well-being-and-literacy-midst-pandemic
  3. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2017/04/06/can-economically-vulnerable-americans-benefit-from-financial-capability-services

Rising Bond Yield Leads to Market Sell-off | CNBC

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The culprit behind the recent stock market sell-off was the rapid rise in 10-Year U.S. Treasury bond yields. The 10-year Treasury yield remained above 1.4%, after surging to 1.6% in the previous day session to its highest level since February 2021 and more than 0.5% higher since the end of January, according to CNBC.

The spike in the 10-year yield , which is used as a benchmark for mortgage rates and auto loans, is reacting to positive economics as vaccines are rolled out and GDP forecasts improve, which should benefit corporate profits. But the move could also signal faster-than-expected inflation ahead. The sheer pace of the rise has also had the effect of dampening investors’ appetite for richly valued areas of the market like technology and other growth stocks. Higher rates reduce the value of future cash flows so they can have the effect of compressing equity valuations.

All three stock benchmarks — Dow Jones Industrial Average , Nasdaq and S&P500 — were tracking for weekly losses ahead of the final trading day of February. The Nasdaq was down nearly 7% from its February 12, 2021, record closing high. The Dow and S&P 500 both remain solidly in the green for the month. However, the S&P 500 was off almost 2.7% from its last record closing high, also on February 12, 2021, and the Dow had its worst day in nearly a month on Thursday.

Additionally, inflation concerns are being stoked on the thought that the $1.9 trillion COVID-19 stimulus bill — which passed the House of Representatives — on top of accelerating growth could overheat the economy.

Economists and investment managers say the bond market is reacting to positive economics as vaccines are rolled out and GDP forecasts improve, which should benefit corporate profits. But the move could also signal faster-than-expected inflation ahead.

References:

  1. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/26/5-things-to-know-before-the-stock-market-opens-feb-26-2021.html

Never invest in something you don’t understand.

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Many successful investors follow one extremely important rule of thumb: Never invest in something you don’t understand.

Selecting the right companies to invest is very difficult and the decision shouldn’t be taken lightly. When you invest in the stock market, you will be tempted often to buy companies or products that you don’t truly understand.

Consequently, if you can’t understand the investment and understand how it will help you save for the future, build wealth over the long term or achieve your financial goals, do not buy the asset. You need to resist temptation, and focus on the only question that counts:

“Do I understand the business of this company well enough so that I am reasonably confident that it is going to be a good investment?”.

Warren Buffett famously said he has three boxes for investment ideas: in, out and too hard. If a company’s business or product is too difficult to understand, it’s better to just file it in the “too hard” category and move on to another opportunity.

Investors should always remember that a share of stock represents partial ownership of a company. “Just as you would never purchase a private business from someone else without at least looking at its sales, profits, debt and trends of all three of those things at a bare minimum, you need to do the same thing before purchasing stock in a company,” Cornerstone Wealth chief investment officer Chris Zaccarelli says. “If you are doing anything else, you are just hoping what you bought will go higher – and hope is never a good strategy.”

Be sure to always read an investment asset’s prospectus or disclosure statement carefully. And, if you are still confused, you should think twice about investing.

The bottom line for investors is simple: If you don’t completely understand how an investment works, or creates revenue, earnings and cash flow, then don’t buy it.

References:

  1. http://www.mymoneyworks.de/back-to-basics/dont-buy-what-you-dont-understand/
  2. https://money.usnews.com/investing/articles/2017-05-11/never-invest-in-something-you-dont-understand

Just Buy Low Cost Index Funds

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“The less you spend on investing, the more you get to keep.”. Rick Ferri

When investors who don’t manage their costs, they pay a significant price for their inaction and inexperience. As John Bogle has famously said, “In investing, you get what you don’t pay for.” The primary issue is that investment product providers, especially annuities and actively managed funds, and financial intermediaries are selling commission-based products that take advantage of unsophisticated investors by marketing high-fee, high-commission funds that earn low returns. 

Cost Matters Hypothesis.

It costs money to try to beat the market, according to Bogle, and you pay whether or not the manager succeeds. When a group of financial people try to out perform the market, some will win and be successful, some will lose, but collectively they will get the market’s return—before fees. After fees, they will get much less. Bogle once calculated that “active stock investors lose close to 3% a year in fees, trading costs and taxes.”

“Costs matter. They matter more than past performance.” John Bogle

Occasionally, you might get lucky for a year or five or ten. Eventually, though, your luck will run out. With each passing year it becomes more likely that you will be overtaken by the law of averages.

Buffet advice to investors

Billionaire investor Warren Buffett recommends that most investors should buy low-cost index funds. In his sage opinion, buying index funds would go a long way toward solving this serious problem of overpaying for investments. Buffett’s recommends inexperienced investors and investors without time or inclination to conduct research buy index funds. His view is that index funds, such as those that mimic the S&P 500 benchmark, are a smart investment that almost anyone can follow.

“Costs really matter in investments,” Buffett says in a CNBC interview. “If returns are going to be 7 or 8 percent and you’re paying 1 percent for fees, that makes an enormous difference in how much money you’re going to have in retirement.”

The appeal of index investments is their low cost compared to most actively managed mutual funds and ETFs. With active funds and ETFs, according to Fidelity Investment, a manager attempts to deliver performance that outpaces a chosen index, often referred to as a benchmark. Passive ETFs and mutual funds, on the other hand, try to match the performance of a benchmark.

Benchmarks may include familiar indexes such as the S&P 500, as well as custom benchmarks created by a fund’s managers. Passive investments may not offer the potential to outperform an index, but they typically offer lower costs than active funds managed against a similar index or benchmark.

When evaluating cost, most investors focus on the expense ratio—the annual percentage of assets that mutual funds and ETFs charge investors to cover services such as investment management, recordkeeping, compliance, and shareholder services. In general, these costs are much lower for passive strategies than for active ones. And, even this expense that can vary dramatically even among seemingly similar passive index funds and ETFs.

Labor Secretary Thomas Perez said during a Senate panel meeting: “The problem with our [financial] system in the U.S. is it incentivizes complexity when simplicity is all too frequently what’s called for. … It incentivizes complexity because complexity generates more fees.”

The solution and best defense against those who prey on investor ignorance, according to Rick Ferri, is investor education and requiring financial literacy in our schools and colleges. Perhaps we need to scream continuously, “Just buy low-cost index funds!” every time an investor is pitched a hyped-up mutual fund advertisement or a high-cost fund.

Investing in index mutual funds and ETFs can be an outstanding low-cost strategy. And, like any other investment strategy, investing in index funds requires that you understand what you are investing in. You need to ensure that you are investing in a low-cost product that tracks a benchmark that fits with your investing strategy.

References:

  1. https://rickferri.com/forewarned-is-forearmed-on-investment-expenses/
  2. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/03/why-warren-buffett-says-index-funds-are-the-best-investment.html
  3. https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/investing-ideas/how-to-shop-smart
  4. http://johncbogle.com/wordpress/

Dividends are Important in Retirement

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“Get paid to wait” Kevin O’Leary

Noted Shark Tank investor, Kevin O’Leary aka “Mr. Wonderful”, has one simple rule when it comes to investing in a stock. If it doesn’t pay a dividend, he does not consider the stock. His investment mantra is “get paid to wait”.

“My whole investment strategy is built around cash flow”, O’Leary said. “I have a little Charlie Munger on my shoulder every day when I look at a deal, and he’s just saying two words: ‘cash flow, cash flow.'”

Know your cash flow.

How much do you make after taxes? How much do you spend. Investors in retirement must figure out how to generate cash flow without a job from multiple income streams to meet essential living expenses and spending while also making sure they don’t outlive their income stream.

Receiving regular dividends, or “getting paid to wait” reduces an investor’s dependence on the market’s volatility and the roller coaster like price swings by stocks to make ends meet.

Essentially, dividends could become investors “cash flow” in retirement. Naturally, then, the best retirement stocks to buy in 2021 (or any other year) to accomplish those objectives are ones that pay dividends.

Regular dividends lessen an investor’s dependence on the market’s fickle price swings because it reduces or eliminates the need to sell shares to generate income. Regardless of whether the market rises or falls in 2021, a portfolio of high-quality companies can provide you with predictable, growing dividend income.

And in today’s low-interest-rate environment, dividend stocks can generate much higher income than many fixed-income instruments. Better still, many dividend-paying stocks grow their payouts, which preserves those dividends’ purchasing power. And dividend stocks, like other equities, also provide meaningful long-term price appreciation potential.

Whether or not the market rises or falls, a portfolio of quality businesses delivering predictable, growing dividend income is always preferred.

Dividend stocks, like other equities, can provide long-term price appreciation. Dividends are the periodic payouts investors can earn by investing. And because many companies pay a dividend — more than 80% of the S&P 500 stocks currently pay dividends, according to data from FactSet — investors can actually earn money even when the market is down.

Research firm Simply Safe Dividends published an in-depth guide about living on dividends in retirement here. However, a key component to this strategy is finding the best retirement stocks that can deliver safe dividends and grow in value over time.

What are Dividend Stocks

When investors buy stocks, they can make money two different ways. The first is by selling their shares for a price that’s higher than their original cost. The second is by collecting dividends. Dividend stocks are companies that pay shareholders a portion of earnings, as dividend, on a regular basis. Not all stocks pay dividends, but those that do offer shareholders a steady stream of income.

These payments are funded by profits and cash flow that a company generates but doesn’t need to retain to reinvest in the business. Shareholders can receive dividends as cash or additional shares of stock. As an investment category, dividend stocks also have an impressive track record of helping people build wealth over the long term.

To live on dividends in retirement, a key component to this strategy is finding the best retirement stocks that can deliver safe dividends and grow in value over time. Look for companies with a history of paying and increasing dividends, as well as sufficient earnings and cash flow from current operations.

Dividend Aristocrats

Dividend Aristocrats are a select group of S&P 500 Index stocks with a history of 25+ years of consecutive dividend increases. These businesses have both the desire and ability to pay shareholders rising dividends year-after-year. They are considered the ‘best of the best’ dividend growth stocks.

The Dividend Aristocrats have a long history of outperforming the market. The requirements to be a Dividend Aristocrat are that they’re in the S&P 500, have 25+ consecutive years of dividend increase, and must meet certain minimum market cap and liquidity requirements.

Dividend Yield

Dividend yield refers to a stock’s annual dividend payments to shareholders expressed as a percentage of the stock’s current market price. A stock’s dividend yield can and frequently does change over time, either in response to market fluctuations or as a result of dividend increases or decreases by the issuing company. And, it’s important to keep in mind that a high dividend yield alone doesn’t make a stock a great investment.

Dividend amounts and yield might seem small in mid-2019. The average dividend payment for U.S. stocks was 1.87% of your investment, according to Siblis Research. Regardless the size of the ratio, they can drastically impact an investor’s long-term investment performance and retirement income.

GE’s Dividend Story

General Electric (GE) has been one of America’s most widely held stocks, and countless retirees relied on the dividend payments. But, the company was under enormous balance sheet and cash flow pressure, and it became necessary to cut the dividend in half. By cutting, GE saved significant cash flow making it one of the largest dividend cuts in the history of the S&P 500 and the biggest for GE since 2009, according to S&P Dow Jones Indices.

But dividend cuts had been rare at the time since many companies were increasing them because the U.S. economy was healthy and the stock market was booming. GE’s dividend had been reliably paid for multiple decades.

Prior to GE Board’s decision to cut its dividend, GE was having problems and could not earn enough money to cover its dividend payments. Free cash flow, which measures how much cash is being generated after investing in the business, had deteriorated for six straight years.

Dividends: Cash Flow is King during Retirement

The distinction between income and cash flow is important during retirement. Generating income in retirement is focused on finding investments that pay a high yield, which necessarily means taking on more risk. Focusing instead on cash flow allows investors to take a broader perspective, assessing various aspects of their finances to determine how to creatively produce the money required for expenses. Cash flow strategies may allow retirees to reach their financial goals while not necessarily taking on a higher level of risk.

A primary financial goal in retirement is to guarantee a minimum daily standard of living so you don’t outlive your nest egg and can sleep well at night.  Some folks are able to meet that minimum income amount they need through some combination of pension income, Social Security payments, and guaranteed interest from certificates of deposit. 

 “I have found that retirement is all about cash flow, not net worth, especially after the real estate crash. I have met people who have a net worth of $2 million, which looks great on paper, but when it comes to retirement income, they are just barely squeaking by on their Social Security and a small pension. It’s great that you are worth $2 million, but ultimately, it’s your cash flow that will determine your quality of life in retirement, not your net worth.” Jason R. Parker, Sound Retirement Planning: A Retirement Plan Designed to Achieve Clarity, Confidence & Freedom

When picking dividend stocks, chasing yield can cause issues where the price has declined, which may be an opportunity for capital appreciation, but may create greater risk for income seekers since the stock may be cheap for a legitimate idiosyncratic reason.

It’s important for investors to find a company they feel comfortable with, and whose product line they understand. Next, they can look at the company’s ability to generate sufficient earnings and cash flow to pay their annual dividends, operate their business, and have enough left over to grow, remembering that not all quarters must indicate growth.

An investor’s particular situation must be considered such as their required income needs during retirement, weighed against their desire for capital growth— typically, lower-growth segments, such as utilities, pay more yield. Investors who allocate upwards of 80-100% of their portfolio to dividend-paying stocks to generate more income and achieve stronger long-term capital appreciation potential and income growth, are incurring greater risks.

Additionally, their specific risk/reward trade-off (and there is risk in all stocks), keeping in mind their ability to ride out a downturn without having to sell the stock on the way down.

References:

  1. https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/shark-tank-star-kevin-oleary-investing-yahoo-short-retail-pandemic-2021-1-1029932948
  2. https://www.kiplinger.com/investing/stocks/dividend-stocks/602016/21-best-retirement-stocks-income-rich-2021
  3. https://www.simplysafedividends.com/intelligent-income/posts/1-living-off-dividends-in-retirement
  4. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanshenkman/2020/10/21/7-strategies-to-generate-sufficient-cash-flow-in-retirement/?sh=2fe4062b2ac4#click=https://t.co/qv3DensgA1
  5. https://www.spindices.com/documents/education/indexology-december-2017-can-dividends-yield-a-better-retirement.pdf?force_download=true
  6. https://www.fool.com/knowledge-center/dividend.aspx
  7. https://www.fool.com/investing/your-definitive-dividend-investing-guide.aspx

The stock market is not the economy

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The stock market is not the economy, rather it is one variable that indicates how the economy is doing and may perform down the road.

“The stock market is a market where stocks, a type of investment that represents ownership in a company are traded,” said Jessica Schieder, a federal tax policy fellow at the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. The stock market is where investors attempt to predict what’s going to happen in the economy or with a company’s stock price.

In contrast, the economy is a sum of goods and services, all of the things produced measured by gross domestic product (GDP).

“The stock market can be moody,” explains Laura Gonzalez, associate professor of finance at California State University, Long Beach. “Sometimes the stock market is positive about the future and sometimes it’s negative about the future.”

So remember, the stock market is not the economy. And the economy is not the stock market. But they are related.

References:

  1. https://www.marketplace.org/2019/09/30/the-stock-market-is-not-the-economy/