The number one rule of investing is: Don’t lose money. In other words, preservation of capital and management of risk are most important for investors than maximizing returns and income.
What follows are 10 proven rules of investing to make you a more successful — and hopefully to build wealth — investor.
Rule No. 1 – Never lose money
Legendary investor Warren Buffett stated that “Rule No. 1 is never lose money. Rule No. 2 is never forget Rule No. 1.” The Oracle of Omaha’s advice stresses the importance of avoiding loss in your portfolio. When you have more money in your portfolio, you can make more money on it. So, a loss hurts your future earning power.
What Buffett’s rule essentially means is don’t become enchanted with an investment’s potential gains. Instead, focus on downside investment risks and preservation of capital. If you don’t get enough upside for the risks you’re taking, the investment may not be worth it. Focus on the downside risk first, counsels Buffett.
Rule No. 2 – Think like an owner
Think like an owner. Remember that you are buying fractional ownership of companies, not just stocks.
While many investors treat stocks like gambling, real businesses stand behind those stocks. Stocks are a fractional ownership interest in a business, and as the business performs well or poorly over time, the company’s stock is likely to follow the direction of its profitability.
Investing involves an analysis of fundamentals, valuation, and an opinion about how the business will perform and produce cash in the future.
Rule No. 3 – Stick to your process
The best investors develop a process that is consistent and successful over many market cycles. Be discipline and don’t deviate from your process because of short-term challenges and market volatility.
One of the best strategies for investors: a long-term buy-and-hold approach. You can buy stock funds regularly in a 401(k), for example, and then hold on for decades. But it can be easy when the market gets volatile to deviate from your plan because you’re temporarily losing money. Don’t do it.
Rule No. 4 – Buy when everyone is fearful
When the market is down, investors often sell or simply quit paying attention to it. But that’s when the bargains are out in droves. It’s true: the stock market is the only market where the goods go on sale and everyone is too afraid to buy. As Buffett has famously said, “Be fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful.”
The good news if you’re a 401(k) investor is that once you set up your account you don’t have to do anything else to continue buying in. This structure keeps your emotions out of the game.
Rule No. 5 – Keep your investing discipline
It’s important that investors continue to save over time, in rough climates and good, even if they can put away only a little. By continuing to invest regularly, you’ll get in the habit of living below your means even as you build up a nest egg of assets in your portfolio over time.
The 401(k) is an ideal vehicle for this discipline, because it takes money from your paycheck automatically without you having to decide to do so. It’s also important to pick your investments skillfully – here’s how to select your 401(k) investments.
Rule No. 6 – Stay diversified
Keeping your portfolio diversified is important for reducing risk. Having your portfolio in only one or two stocks is unsafe, no matter how well they’ve performed for you. So experts advise spreading your investments around in a diversified portfolio.
“If I had to choose one strategy to keep in mind when investing, it would be diversification,” says Mindy Yu, former director of investments at Stash. “Diversification can help you better weather the stock market’s ups and downs.”
The good news: diversification can be easy to achieve. An investment in a Standard & Poor’s 500 Index fund, which holds hundreds of investments in America’s top companies, provides immediate diversification for a portfolio. If you want to diversify more, you can add a bond fund or other choices such as a real estate fund that may perform differently in various economic climates.
Rule No. 7 – Avoid timing the market
Experts routinely advise clients to avoid trying to time the market, that is, trying to buy or sell at the right time. “Time in the market is more important than timing the market.” The idea here is that you need to stay invested to get compounding returns and avoid jumping in and out of the market.
And that’s what Veronica Willis, an investment strategy analyst at Wells Fargo Investment Institute recommends: “The best and worst days are typically close together and occur when markets are at their most volatile, during a bear market or economic recession. An investor would need expert precision to be in the market one day, out of the market the next day and back in again the following day.”
Experts typically advise buying regularly to take advantage of dollar-cost averaging.
Rule No. 8 – Understand everything you invest in
“Don’t invest in a product you don’t understand and ensure the risks have been clearly disclosed to you before investing,” says Chris Rawley, founder and CEO at Harvest Returns, a fintech marketplace for investing in agriculture.
Whatever you’re investing in, you need to understand how it works. If you’re buying a stock, you need to know why it makes sense to do so and when the stock is likely to profit. If you’re buying a fund, you want to understand its track record and costs, among other things. If you’re buying an annuity, it’s vital to understand how the annuity works and what your rights are.
Rule No. 9 – Review your investing plan and goals regularly
While it can be a good idea to set up a solid investing plan and then only tinker with it, it’s advisable to review your plan regularly to see if it still fits your needs. You could do this whenever you check your accounts for tax purposes.
“Remember, though, your first financial plan won’t be your last,” says Kevin Driscoll, vice president of advisory services at Navy Federal Financial Group in the Pensacola area. “You can take a look at your plan and should review it at least annually – particularly when you reach milestones like starting a family, moving, or changing jobs.”
Rule No. 10 – Stay in the game, have an emergency fund
It’s absolutely vital that you have an emergency fund, not only to tide you over during tough times, but also so that you can stay invested long term.
“Keep 5 percent of your assets in cash, because challenges happen in life,” says Craig Kirsner, president of retirement planning services at Stuart Estate Planning Wealth Advisors in Pompano Beach, Florida. He adds: “It makes sense to have at least six months of expenses in your savings account.”
If you must sell some of your investments during a rough spot, it’s often likely to be when they are down. An emergency fund can help you stay in the investing game longer. Money that you might need in the short term (less than three years) needs to stay in cash.
Investing is effectively about doing the right things and about avoiding the wrong things. And, it’s important to manage your temperament (emotions) so that you’re focused and disciplined to do the right things even as they may feel risky, scary or unsafe.
References:
https://www.bankrate.com/investing/golden-rules-of-investing/